基于GIS的陕北农作物适宜性精细化评价及布局研究

研究农作物布局可为区域农业发展提供科学依据，对促进乡村振兴和区域高质量发展具有重要意义。以陕北地区为研究区域，以谷子、马铃薯、苹果3种农作物为研究对象，选取8个主要的水土光热条件因子，基于层次分析法构建了主要农作物水土光热条件适宜性评价体系，建立了作物综合适宜度评价模型，计算了500 m×500 m单元的适宜度及空间分布，采用自然断点法研究了3种作物的空间精准布局。结果表明：3种作物的适宜度均在0.78以上，均值表现为谷子>苹果>马铃薯。谷子适宜度从东南向西北递减，最适宜区在东南沿黄地区；马铃薯适宜度从西南向东北递减，最适宜区域主要分布在山区；苹果适宜度从北向南升高，最适宜区域主要在东南部地区。西部白于山区和东南部黄龙山区海拔较高的地区宜种植马铃薯和苹果，东部沿黄地区宜种植谷子和苹果。在精细化布局中，谷子主要位于东部的大部分县区和南部的北洛河流域，马铃薯主要位于西部以及北部地区的河流周围,苹果主要分布在南部山区以及中部和北部的部分县区。

Fine evaluation and layout of crop suitability in Northern Shaanxi based on GIS

Studying the distribution of characteristic crops can provide a scientific basis for regional agricultural development and it has a great significance to promote rural revitalization and regional high\|quality development. In this study, taking Northern Shaanxi as the research area and millet, potato and apple as the research object, eight main soil and water photothermal condition factors were selected. The soil and water photothermal condition suitability evaluation system of characteristic crops was constructed based on the analytic hierarchy process. The comprehensive suitability evaluation model of crops was constructed, the suitability and spatial distribution of 500 m×500 m units were calculated, and the spatial distribution of characteristic crops was studied by natural breakpoint method. The results showed that the suitability of the three crops was more than 0.78, and the average value was millet > apple > potato. The suitability of millet decreased from southeast to northwest, and the most suitable area was in the southeast along the Yellow River. The suitability of potato decreased from southwest to northeast, and the most suitable area was mainly distributed in mountainous areas. The apple increased from north to south, and the most suitable area was mainly in the southeast. Potato and apple should be planted in the western Baiyu mountain area and Huanglong mountain area in the southeast, and millet and apple should be planted in the eastern area along the Yellow River. In the fine layout, millet was mainly located in most counties in the east and Beiluo River basin in the south while potatoes were mainly located around rivers in the west and north and apples were mainly distributed in the mountains in the south and some counties in the middle and north.