淤地坝保碳、减排、增汇作用与其能力评估

淤地坝是黄土高原地区重要的沟道治理措施,也是陆地生态系统中重要的储碳场所。评估淤地坝的碳汇作用与能力,可为研究其他水土保持措施碳汇提供重要借鉴,也为我国碳达峰、碳中和目标提供科学依据。以黄土高原淤地坝为研究对象,系统探讨淤地坝的碳汇效应与机理,提出淤地坝碳汇能力估算方法。结果表明:淤地坝具有保土保碳、减蚀减排和增绿增汇作用。在过去50年中黄土高原淤地坝保碳能力为2.16×10⁷ t C,减排能力为4.33×10⁶~8.66×10⁶ t C,增汇能力为6.84×10⁵ t C。淤地坝产生积极的碳汇效益,对提升生态系统碳中和能力、降低碳达峰的峰值发挥重要作用。淤地坝与其他主要水土保持措施都具有保土、减蚀等多种水土保持效益,可充分发挥保碳、减排、增汇等多种碳汇作用。推行碳汇水土保持工作、实施水土保持增汇行动,既可全面巩固陆地生态系统碳汇作用,又能持续提升生态系统增汇能力,对碳达峰与碳中和作出水土保持贡献。

The Role of Yudiba Dams in Protecting Carbon, Reducing Carbon Emission and Enhancing Carbon Sequestration and Its Capability Assessment

Analyzing the carbon sequestration function and evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity of Yudiba dams is a crucial prerequisite for determining the carbon sequestration effects of Yudiba dams and other soil and water conservation measures, and can provide valuable data references for achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutralization. Here, we take the Yudiba dams on the Chinese Loess Plateau as the research object, systematically exploring the carbon sequestration effect and mechanism of Yudiba dams, and propose an estimation method for their carbon sequestration capacity. The results show that Yudiba dams effectively protect soil and carbon, mitigate erosion and carbon emission, and promote vegetation and carbon sequestration. In the past 50 years, the carbon conservation, carbon emission reduction, and carbon sequestration capacity of Yudiba dams on the Chinese Loess Plateau are 2.16×10⁷, 4.33×10⁶~8.66×10⁶ and 6.84×10⁵ t C, respectively, which can enhance the carbon neutralization capacity of the ecosystem and reduce the carbon peak value. Yudiba dams and other significant soil and water conservation measures have demonstrated a variety of positive ecological restoration benefits, such as soil conservation, erosion reduction, and vegetation restoration, which fully promote the comprehensive role of carbon sequestration in carbon conservation, carbon emission reduction, and carbon sequestration increase. The implementation of soil and water conservation that focus on enhancing carbon sequestration not only reinforces the significance of terrestrial ecosystems in carbon sequestration, but also leads to a continual improvement of the carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems, and plays a significant role in achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality within the sphere of soil and water conservation.