贵州西部气象因子对马铃薯晚疫病发生流行的影响研究及对策

为抗马铃薯晚疫病品种的选育、生产布局以及选择防治的最佳时机提供参考,根据2007和2008年在贵州西部地区水城的玉舍(海拔1950 m)、盘县的四格(海拔2250 m)和六枝的堕却(海拔1610 m)各3期的马铃薯晚疫病发生程度的地理分期播种试验资料,对贵州西部地区马铃薯晚疫病发生、流行的气象因子和动态特征进行了研究,结果表明:马铃薯晚疫病发生、流行的主要时期在5月下旬至7月上旬;5月上旬至中旬,若日平均温度低于20 ℃,且连续3 d相对湿度超过75 %,同时连续降雨日超过5 d的情况下,一般在15～20 d后有晚疫病发生、流行.因此,建议以此作为马铃薯晚疫病防治的预警指标,以便在预警指标出现后的3 d内积极组织防治,以提高防治效果.

Influence of Meteorological Factors on Occurrence and Epidemic of Potato Late Blight in Western Guizhou

The meteorological factors affecting occurrence and epidemic of potato late blight and the dynamic characteristics were studied by analyzing potato experimental results from Yushe(alt. 1950m), Sige(alt. 2250m) and Duoque(alt.1610m) of Western Guizhou to provide a reference for breeding of potato varieties with late blight resistance, production arrangement and optimum time to control potato late blight. The results showed that the main occurrence and epidemic period of potato late blight was from the last ten-day period of May to first ten-day period of July. When the mean daily temperature was below 20 ℃, the relative humidity of continued 3d was above 75 % and the days of continued rainfall was above 5 d, potato late blight would occur in 15-20 days, and the occurrence condition of potato late blight could be used as the warning index for controlling potato late blight to improve its control effect.