悬挂式水稻田间育秧播种机设计与试验

为解决现有水稻育秧方式存在的用工多、劳动强度大、生产效率低的问题,设计了一种悬挂式水稻田间育秧播种机,参考水稻工厂化育秧技术要求等相关行业标准开展试验测试,分析育秧播种机的铺土均匀性、播种均匀性和机具的整体作业质量。结果表明,该机在播种作业过程中只需驾驶员和辅助人员两人即可完成,每小时可播种4 000盘以上,具有用工少、生产效率高、播种质量高等特点。该机采用直径为160 mm的大直径外槽轮式排土辊和直径为110 mm的大直径、大窝眼式排种辊,满足了水稻育秧底土量和播种量较大的要求。田间试验结果表明,育秧盘内不同点的底土铺土厚度变异系数均小于6%,每盘播种均匀度和总播种均匀度均在90%以上,按插秧时对应切块位置测得的每格播量合格率均≥85%,作业流畅、性能稳定,各项指标符合相关标准和实际生产要求。研究表明,悬挂式水稻田间育秧播种机挂接在插秧机底盘后,可一次完成在水稻育秧盘内均匀铺底土和播种作业。

Design and experiment of suspension seeder of rice seedlings nursery in nursery bed

Rice seedling nursery is the work with high labor intensity and low efficiency. The existing seedling sowing machine has the above problem. So we design a kind of Suspension seeder of rice nursery seedlings in nursery bed. The seeder is hung on the rice transplanter chassis, which can spread bed soil and sowing rice seeds uniformly at once. This seeder is much better than the rice seedlings nursery sowing line, which have many steps and need a lot of artificial coordination. Also, it is much better than the semi automatic nursery sowing machine in nursery bed, which need to lay special track and with large labor intensity. This machine can complete the seeding work with only one driver and one auxiliary staff. Sowing efficiency can reach more than 4 000 trays per hour. It has the characteristics of less labor, high production efficiency and high seeding quality. The machine adopts a 160 mm diameter outer groove wheel as soil spreading roller and a 110 mm diameter seed metering with large cells. This meets the needs of rice seedlings nursing, which require large amount of soil and seed. Field experiments show that coefficient of variation of subsoil soil thickness at different point of one tray is less than 6% and the sowing uniformity of each tray and the total sowing uniformity are above 90%. Also the sowing amount qualified rate of each seedling block area correspond to the position of the transplanter cutting is not less than 85%. Each performance indexes of the machine meet the relevant standards and the requirements of actual production. This study provides one new technical approach and reference for rice seedlings nursery.