中国东北地区的盐渍土资源

通过长期区域土壤考察,我国东北地区盐渍土资源的面积约为7 66×106hm2,其中松嫩平原的盐渍土面积占39 3%,西辽河沙丘平原占30 3%,辽河冲积平原占12 8%,呼伦贝尔盟高平原占9 3%,滨海平原占7 9%,三江平原仅占0 4%而已,20世纪80年代不同辖区所获的土壤普查结果与之相接近。在上述的盐渍土资源面积中,其潜在盐渍土的面积约占34%。在开发利用方面,盐渍土的耕地面积已由20世纪50年代的占其总耕地面积的21 4%,增加为80年代的37 8%,呈显著增长之势。水田灌区土壤普遍脱盐,作物高产稳产,已属新型的人工生态系统。在盐渍土旱作区,农作物亦已普遍持续增产,惟局部土壤的脱盐状况尚不甚稳定,其西部地区的盐渍化面积呈明显蔓延之势,主要原因在于大面积天然草场的土壤盐渍度加剧,生产力普遍下降。上述中国东北地区盐渍土资源的面积约占全国盐渍土面积的7.9%,战略地位重要,其实现农业可持续发展的开发利用任务仍然十分艰巨。

The Resource of Saline Soil in the Northeast China

The investigation of region soil indicate that the approximate area of saline soil in Northeast China is 7.66×10~6hm~2,the proportion of saline soil area in SongNen plain,Western LiaoHe River alluvial plain,LiaoHe River alluvial plain and HuLunBei,er Nei Monggol highland is 39.3%,30.3%,12.8%,9.3% and 7.9%,respectively.SanJiang plain is only 0.4%.Soil survey in different district in 1980s received alike result.In these saline soil area,the percentage area of potential saline soil is about 34%.The exploitation and utilization of saline soil has made considerable progress,compared with the 50s of 20century to the 80s the cultivated land of saline soils area has increaced from 21.4% to 37.8% of all cultivated land area .The soil of paddy field are desalting in common and crops gain high and stable yield.It has been a new type of artificial ecosystem.In dryland,crop yield keeps up a steady increase too.But in some regions,soil desalinate situation is not stable,the area of saline soil tend to go up,and its salinity aggravate,production ability of the land generally descend.The area of these saline soil resource in the Northeast is 9.4% of all country saline soils and has important strategic position.Toachieve the goal of exploitation and utilization and agricultural sustained development is yet a very arduous duty.