森林生态系统管理与森林有害生物生态管理

森林可持续发展是21世纪各国林业发展的战略和指导思想,21世纪林业科学的发展方向是森林生态系统管理.森林有害生物生态管理是森林生态系统管理在森林保护学科的具体体现和实际应用.害虫的生态管理(EPM)是害虫的综合管理(IPM)的进一步发展.EPM在充分吸收IPM合理部分的基础上,强调维持系统的长期稳定性和提高系统的自我调控能力,在不断地收集有关信息,随时对系统进行监测、预测的基础上,以生物防治措施为主进行防治.由于EPM不采用昂贵的化学农药和大规模释放天敌,防治费用将比IPM更低.实施EPM必须对生态系统的动态及自然调控机制有深入的了解,就目前对生态系统的认识水平和技术水平,还不能完全实施EPM,有必要加强这方面的基础及应用技术研究.

Forest Ecosystem Management and Ecological Forest Pest Management

The sustainable forestry development is the strategy and guideline of forestry development in the 21st century.The main approach of forestry study is the forest ecosystem management.Ecological forest pest mamagement embodies the theory and methods of forest ecosystem management.Ecological Pest Management (EPM) developed from Integrated Pest Management (IPM).EPM uses many elements of integrated pest management (IPM) but it based on keeping and supporting the natural stability of the ecosystem and suppressing pest outbreaks at the very beginning when the population density is still low.With a special system of collection and processing of information,the frequent detection and estimation of pest,predator and parasite population density,biological control decision making are made according to the threshold when pest is slipping away from the control of the natural enemies.EPM can be cheaper than IPM because both costly uses of chemical pesticides and mass inundation by artificially reared parasites or predators are rejected.However,at the present level of knowledge and technology,EPM cannot be elabovated thoroughly.Effort should be made in researches of the ecology of ecosystem and the relevant techniques.