不同乳牛舍环境空气中细菌含量的比较研究

采用自然沉降法对南京3个规模化奶牛场和3个奶牛小区泌乳奶牛舍内细菌含量进行监测和比较。结果显示，牛舍环境空气中的细菌菌落总数，不同的牛舍不同采样点、不同的培养基其结果均不相同。运动场细菌菌落总数少于牛舍内。NA培养基菌落数最高达33.81×103 CFU/m3，MAC和S.S培养基在多个分布点无细菌生长。6个牧场空气中的细菌菌落总数为F场＞E场＞B场＞C场＞A场＞D场。牛舍的空气细菌总数与牛舍规模化程度无关，而与各牧场牛舍卫生管理有很大的相关性。从270个样本中共分离到338株细菌，A、B牧场主要是葡萄球菌，分别占分离菌的75.34%（55/73）和60.61%（40/66）；C、E、F牧场主要是肠杆菌，分别占分离菌的51.22%（42/82）、62.16%（23/37）、61.11%（33/54）；D牧场葡萄球菌占分离菌的46.15%（12/26），肠杆菌和链球菌分别占26.92%（7/26）。结果表明，规模化奶牛场和奶牛小区空气细菌总数无明显差异。

The Comparison Research of Airborne Bacteria Amount in Different Cow Houses

Adopting the method of sedimentation, the research monitors three large-scaled dairy farm and three cow houses in Nanjing for comparison. The research showed that different cow houses, different sampling sites and different medium had different results. The bacteria amount on dairy farm was more than that within the cow house. The bacterial colony counted the NA culture medium being up to 33.81 ×103 CFU/m3. MAC and S.S culture medium had no bacterias growing. The research showed that F＞ E ＞B＞C ＞ A ＞ D in the total amount airborne bacteria. The bacteria amount had no relevance with the cow houses size, but had much relevance with the hygiene administration .From 270 samples separates 338 bacteria, A, B grazing land were staphylococcus mainly, account for 75.34% (55/73) and 60.61% (40/66) respectively in separation bacterium. C grazing land and E, F housing estate were nitrobacterium mainly, account for 51.22% (42/82), 62.16% (23/37), 61.11% (33/54) respectively in separation bacterium. In the D housing estate, staphylococcus accounted for 46.15% in separation bacterium (12/26), nitrobacterium and streptococcus accounted for 26.92% (7/26), respectivily. The scale-relation dairy had no obvious difference with the total air borne bacteria amount in milk cow houses.