基因型和氮肥对冬小麦叶片形态建成和分蘖的影响

于１９９８～１９９９ 年在浙江大学华家池校区实验农场进行了田间试验，研究基因型和环境对小麦叶片形态建成和分蘖的影响。试验由３ 个基因型（浙麦１ 号，ＺＡＵ９７－２，扬麦５ 号）和３ 种氮肥水平（０，１２０，２４０ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２）的９ 种组合处理组成。主茎各叶片长度，除第１、９ 和１０ 外，基因型之间差异显著，叶片宽度随叶位高度而增加，各叶片面积的变化与叶长基本一致，第１ 至５ 叶依次增加，第６ 叶明显减小，第７ 叶又逐渐递增；单株分蘖数和分蘖消长动态因基因型而异。氮对叶片形态有明显影响，但除旗叶外，Ｎ１２０ 和Ｎ２４０ 两种氮水平之间叶长无显著差异。氮对分蘖的发生影响较小，但能显著促进其后的生长。基因型和氮肥对叶片形态和分蘖的影响存在着一定的互作效应。

Influence of Genotypes and Nitrogen Fertilization on Leaf Morphogenesis and Tillering Behaviors in Winter Wheat

Field experiment was carried out on the experimental farm of Zhejiang University, Huajia Chi Campus , Hangzhou during 1998~1999 to study the effect of genotype and nitrogen on leaf morphology and tillering in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment consisted of three cultivars, Zhemai 1, ZAU97 2 and Yangmai 5 and three N levels, 0, 120 and 240 kg N/ha. Lamina length of individual leaves on main culm differed significantly among genotypes except the 1st, 9th and 10th leaf. The leaf width of individual leaves increased gradually with leaf numbers up to the flag leaf in all cultivars. The pattern of change of individual leaf area on the main culm was similar to lamina length. The number of tillers/plant and its pattern of change from tiller initiation to heading stage were greatly affected by cultivars. Nitrogen had significant effect on the pattern of variation in leaf area. In general, the length of individual leaves didn't differ between two levels of nitrogen i.e. N120 and N240 for all leaves except for second top leaf that produced the highest value at N240 level. Initially, tillering behavior was not affected much by nitrogen fertilization but later on the tillers per plant increased significantly with nitrogen levels. There were some interactions of genotypes and nitrogen fertilization on leaf morphogenesis and tillering.