卫星搭载水稻材料万2B、万3B的变异研究

【目的】探索返回式卫星搭载的水稻材料在田间种植时的变异情况，筛选突变株系，为下一步的诱变育种提供科学依据。【方法】利用重庆三峡农业科学院的水稻保持系材料万2B、万3B，搭载于“神州六号”返回式卫星上，通过空间微重力、高能重粒子等环境诱发基因变异，应用卫星搭载返回的种子与留地的对照种子进行对比试验。【结果】卫星搭载的水稻保持系万2B、万3B材料的变异特征主要表现在SP2代，各性状正、反两个方向均发生较大变异。SP3、SP4代各性状表现较稳定，没有发现变异株出现。【结论】利用卫星搭载水稻材料万2B、万3B的方法，可以获得较为理想的SP2代变异株系。航天育种是未来水稻育种获得丰富种质资源、充实种质资源库有效途径之一。

Variations in satellite piggyback rice seed materials,caused under the space environment

Objective ]The present research work were conducted by using rice seed material obtained from the recoverable satellite piggybank service in order to explore the variations and to select the mutant lines for breeding new high performing rice varieties. Method]The dry seeds of rice maintainer line materials Wan 2B and Wan 3B, provided by Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, were planted in field after carrying back from recoverable space satellite ＂Shenzhou VI＂. The original seeds were used as the control to investigate the genotypie and phenotypic variations caused by the high vacuum, mierogravity and strong radiation conditions of the space. Result]The significant variations in seeds, obtained from recoverable satellite, were observed mainly in SP2 generation, and most of the aronomic traits showed their least and highest variations in different seeds, while showed stable in SP3 and SP4 generation. Conclusion]There is a great potential of getting mutant variants in SP2 generation in seeds obtained from the recoverable satellite. The selection of the mutant lines having desirable characteristics and their use in breeding high performance rice varieties through space breeding program seems to be an interesting futuristic research.