人工湿地废水处理技术的研究现状及展望

对人工湿地废水处理技术的研究现状进行综述，为深化人工湿地的研究与应用奠定基础。人工湿地是20世纪70年代发展起来的一种废水处理技术，具有氮磷去除能力强、运转维护方便、运行费用低、对负荷变化适应性强等优点，已广泛应用于生活污水、工业废水、石油开采废水、养殖废水治理等领域。根据布水方式和水流形态的不同，人工湿地可分为表面流人工湿地、水平潜流人工湿地和垂直流人工湿地3大类。研究证实，人工湿地对污水中的有机物、氮、磷有较好的去除效果，其去除机理与植物根系吸收、微生物分解和系统内部物理化学作用有关。近年来我国利用人工湿地技术在处理生活污水、养殖废水、橡胶废水、油田废水、造纸废水、制革废水及印染废水等方面取得了重要进展，但我国的人工湿地技术还比较落后，存在耗地多、工艺杂乱、管理不规范等问题，有待通过深入研究来加以完善，以增强人工湿地的应用效能。

Research advances and prospects of wastewater treatment technology using constructed wetlands

The present paper focused on the research advances in utilizing constructed wetland technology to treat the wastewater from household, livestock and poultry farms, and various industries such as rubber, petroleum, paper, tannery, and printing and dyeing. Constructed wetlands, one of the resources used in treatment of wastewaters, have been introduced in the seventies of the 20^th century. An attempt has been performed in order to review the developments in constructed wetland technologies and a comparison of various systems has been presented. Constructed wetland could be classified into three types according to direction of water flowing, viz., surface flow wetland （FWS）, subsurface flow wetland （SSF） and vertical flow wetland （VFW）. It has advantages of strong capacity for removing nitrogen and phosphorous, convenient operation and maintenance, low operating cost and good adaptability, and is widely used to treat the wastewater from household, livestock and poultry farms and various industries. The data indicated that constructed wetland efficiently removes organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorous from the wastewater. The mechanism of removal of nutrients and organic matter from wastewater in constructed wetland was confirmed to be due to its biological （microorganism and absorption by plant roots）, physical and chemical properties. It has been observed that the status of constructed wetland technology was relatively poor in China. Some problems such as coverage of large land area, nonsystematic processing technology, non- standard management tactics, etc., exist in Chinese constructed wetland. In order to enhance the application and performance of constructed wetland, it should be improved through adopting the new technologies and the results of scientific researches.