湿地保护与管理研究综述

湿地具有巨大的生态价值和环境效益。世界各国普遍重视加强对湿地的保护与管理,这方面的重要国际会议已举办7届。为保护湿地,美国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国均制定了相应的湿地保护政策,并在水资源综合管理、湿地监测技术、退化湿地的恢复与重建、湿地环境影响评价和重要湿地保护计划等方面开展了大量研究。中国湿地保护与管理大致可以分为3个阶段。宏观方面的研究主要集中在湿地保护与合理开发利用等7个方面;微观层面,主要开展了沼泽湿地、湖泊湿地、河流湿地和滨海湿地等方面的研究。在全面综述国内外研究进展的基础上,还对湿地自然保护区建设、湿地保护与开发利用、湿地监测体系建设和湿地立法等重点热点问题进行了探析,指出今后应从以下几方面加强湿地的保护与管理:①搞好水资源综合管理;②实施《中国湿地保护行动计划》;③对重要湿地实施抢救性保护;④将湿地保护管理与退化湿地生态系统的恢复与重建结合起来;⑤推进湿地保护与管理专门立法。参39

Summary of research on wetland protection and management

Wetland has great ecological and environmental value.Every country attaches much importance to the protection and management of the wetland. There have been seven international meetings,of which the Fifth,the Sixth,and the Seventh are more important.To protect the wetland,countries such as the USA,Canada and Australia have put forward corresponding wetland protection policies and made a large number of researches on the fields of water resources comprehensive management,wetland monitoring technique,resuming and rebuilding of degraded wetland,evaluation of wetland effect,protective plans on important wetland,etc.,The protection and management of wetland in China can be divided into three stages.Macroscopical studies are mainly focused on seven aspects such as wetland protection and developing,etc.,while microscopical studies are mainly on swamps,lakes,rivers and coastal wetland.Based on a full account of studies made at home and abroad,this paper explores into the aspects of wetland natural reserve construction,wetland protection and development,wetland monitoring system construction,and wetland legislation,etc..It also points out that measures should be taken to strengthen wetland protection and management:(1)water resources comprehensive management;(2) the acting of Action Plans of China Wetland Protection;(3)rescuing protection of important wetland;(4)the combination of protection management and resuming and rebuilding of degraded wetland;(5)promoting the legislation of wetland protection and management.