天山北坡河流的数学地貌特征及河流产沙分析初探

本文应用数学地貌方法对天山北坡五条河流建立了流域地貌数学模型。通过区域地质地貌及河流水文资料的分析,确立了它们之间的内在联系,并对人们关心的河流产沙问题进行分析。本方法对于干旱内陆区地形变化大,岩性复杂的天山地区是适用的。河流的产沙与河流流域地貌数学特征及发育阶段相对应,又与地层岩性、降水量、植被等有关。穿过有大面积中生界和第三系地层出露地区的河流,其含沙量高,侵蚀模数大。另外在新构造运动强烈地区的流域地貌数学特征值:河流比降,地形高程曲线积分值大,河流侵蚀搬运力强。

The Geomorphologic, Characteristics of the Rivers in Northern Tianshan Mountains and Preliminary Study on Sediment Yield

Using mathematical geomorphologic method, this paper developed a valley geomorphologie mathematical model of five rivers in northern Tianshan Mountains. On the basis of analysis of the local geology, geomorphology and hydrology, the paper established their inner relationship and analysed the sediment yield mattering of interest to people. The sadiment yield corresponds to the geomorphology developing period of the rivers and relates to stratum lithology, precipitation and vegetation. The rivers running across large area with emergence of mesozoic and tertiary stratum usually have high sediment concentration and large modulus of erosion. In the basin which has undergo a strong netectonics, the river channel slope is deep, the intergal value of topographic is large and the capacity for sediment and transport is high.