整薯播种对马铃薯生育及产量的影响

1979～1984年,在黑龙江省北部黑土地区气象条件、生产水平和栽培条件下,通过田间试验,研究了整薯播种对马铃薯生育和产量的影响。结果表明:整薯播种与传统习惯的切块播种相比,6年期间平产出现频率为2次,一般年份整薯播种比切块播种增产9～12%,在春旱严重的1980年,整薯播种表现出非常突出的抗旱保苗效果。在群体叶面积发展进程上,整薯播种表现早发早衰,切块播种晚发晚表,一般年份光合势前者比后者高9.6%,春旱严重的1980年高82.8%。块茎商品率以112.5克为准时,6年平均整薯播种为74.1%,切块播种为80.0%,两者相差5.9%;以50克为准时,整薯播种为97.3%,切块播种为98.2%,两者相差0.9%。

THE EFFECT OF WHOLE POTATO SEEDS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF POTATOES

The field experiments were carried out in northern Heilongjiang from 1979 to 1984 in order to investigate the effect of whole potato seeds on growth,development and yield of potatoes.The results indicated that the yield ofplanting whole potato seeds was almost equal to or higher than that of usingcut seed pieces,especially in 1980,the dry year,planting whole potato seedsshowed high resistance to dry conditions.Moreover,the emergence of wholepotato seeds was early and potato plants tended to senesce early.The photo-synthetic momentum of plants from whole potato seeds was 109.6%and 182.8%up on that of plants from cut seed pieces in 1981 and 1980 respectively.As tomarketability of potato tubers,the average rate of marketable potato tubers in 6vears was 74.1% for using whole potato seeds and 80.0% for planting cut seedpieces if tubers more than 112.5g/tuber were considered as ware potatoes;whileif the tubers more than 50g/tuber were regarded as ware potatoes the formerwas 97.3% and the latter was 98.2%.