近40年烟台市海岸线及近岸土地利用变化与生态服务价值效应分析

为深入揭示烟台市海岸线40年时空变迁及土地利用空间格局变化，采用Landsat MISS，TM，ETM+遥感数据，对烟台市4个时期海岸线进行了长度提取，以海岸线向陆地延伸5 km作为研究范围，结合地形图和土地利用调查数据，运用监督分类提取了1973年和2014年两个时期土地类型，分析了土地利用现状和时空变化；在此基础上，应用Costanza的生态服务价值计算方法，参考中国陆地生态系统景观单位面积生态服务价值表进行了货币化计算评估。结果表明:（1）1973—2014年海岸线总体长度呈递增趋势，40年间净增了55.976 km，其中人工岸线增幅最大，而基岩和淤泥质自然岸线大幅减少；（2）40年间总土地面积净增了95.661 km²，主要是填海造陆导致建设用地面积增加，而湿地、林地和水体等生态用地面积大幅减少；（3）土地利用变化导致生态服务总价值损失了158.636万元，其中湿地、林地的生态服务价值损失最多。自然湿地大量转化为建设用地以及大力保护耕地是导致不同土地覆盖类型生态服务价值发生变化的主要原因。

Analysis of the Change in the Land-Use of the Coastal Area and Its Ecological Service Value Effects in Yantai City over the Past 40 Years

In order to reveal the spatial and temporal changes of coastline in Yantai City and the change of spatial pattern of land use over the past 40 years, we extracted the length of the coastline with an extension of 5 km along the shore line during four different periods in Yantai City, along with data from the survey on land use. By using Landsat MISS, TM, ETM+ remote sensing data and extracting land types in the two periods of 1973 and 2014, we also analyzed the current situation and characteristics of space-time of land use and cover change (LUCC); the monetary evaluation on landscape has been made based on Costanza’s ecosystem services and Chinese land ecosystem services to value per unit area of coefficients. The results showed that: (1) the total length of coastline has been increasing by 55.976 km during the past 40 years, of which the largest rise took place in artificial coast and the natural coastline of bedrock and silt have been significantly reduced; (2) the total land area had increased by 95.661 km² over the past 40 years, and land reclamation was the main reason for leading to increased land area construction, while the areas of wetlands, forest land and water had substantially reduced; (3) the change of the land use in the total value of ecosystem services has caused the loss of 1 586 360 yuan, of which the loss of ecosystem values of wetlands and woodland make up the largest proportion, that a large number of natural wetlands have been used as building land and that protection of farmland has caused changes in the ecological value of different land cover types.