草原工程侵蚀区植被恢复模式的水土保持效应

以内蒙古草原大型露天煤矿开采形成的人工再塑地貌为研究对象，针对水土流失特点，结合自然气候、立地条件等因素，以快速恢复工程侵蚀区受损植被、减少水土流失为目的，通过水土保持措施组合配置试验，研究草原工程侵蚀区人工再塑地貌不同植被恢复模式的水土保持效应。结果表明:人工再塑地貌平台植被恢复采用“栽植灌木+种草”的措施配置灌木保存率为85.4%，草本植物盖度76%，土壤风蚀量比其他样区减少30%~85%；边坡植被恢复采用“栽植灌木+种草”模式和“生物笆+灌木”模式植物盖度达60%以上，抗蚀保土能力较强；通过秩和比法进行综合效益评价，“生态袋+种草”和“栽植灌木+种草”两种模式在治理投资成本与水土保持效益方面结合较好，水土流失防控效果明显，可在草原工程侵蚀区人工再塑地貌边坡水土流失治理中优先应用。

Effects of Vegetation Restoration Models on Soil and Water Conservation in Engineering Erosion Area of Grassland

Effects of the artificial reshaping landscape for vegetation restoration on soil and water conservation was investigated in engineer erosion areas of open coal mine dump in Inner Mongolia typical steppe.The aims of this study was to restore the damaged vegetation,and to reduce water loss and soil erosion by the combined configuration of soil and water conservation measures based on characteristics of the soil and water loss,natural climate,site conditions,and other factors.The results showed that the vegetation coverage reached to 76％ and the bush survival rate was 85.4％ by the vegetative restoration model of planting shrubs and grass on the dumping platform,this pattern made soil wind erosion decrease by 30％～85％ compared with the others.The coverage of slope vegetation increased by 60 ％ by restoration models of planting shrubs and grass,and of setting ecological bag and planting grass,which were better for preventing and controlling soil and water losses,and low investment,evaluated comprehensive benefits by the Rank-sum ratio.Two models could be preferred for controlling soil and water losses in the artificial reshaping landscape.