淮南煤矿复垦区土壤腐殖质特征及其与重金属的关系

选择淮南典型煤矿复垦区不同土地利用方式下（菜地、玉米—小麦地、林地和荒地）的土壤作为研究对象，运用单因素方差分析和内梅罗综合污染指数调查了其腐殖质组成特征与重金属污染状况并探究两者间关系，为修复矿区复垦土壤提供依据。结果表明:土壤腐殖质含量、腐殖化程度和稳定性依菜地 > 玉米—小麦地 > 林地 > 荒地的次序从最佳向最差过渡。不同土地利用方式下土壤胡敏素（HM）的组成不同，HM各组分有机碳含量为HMr > HMi > HMc；且施用有机肥土壤较不施肥土壤中HM各组分的含量明显增加。复垦区土壤中Cu和Cd含量均高于土壤背景值，Zn含量低于土壤背景值，土壤处于轻度污染状态。施用有机肥提高复垦土壤肥力的同时，需控制有机肥中重金属含量，以降低土壤重金属污染风险。

Characteristics of Soil Humus and Correlation with Heavy Metals in Reclaimed Land in Huainan Coal Mine

The typical reclaimed land area in Huainan Coal Mine was chosen as the site. We used one-way ANOVA and Nemerow Synthetical Pollution Index to investigate the composition characteristics of humus and the status of heavy metals pollution in soil. The relationship between them was also discussed under different land use patterns (vegetable field, corn-wheat field, woodland and bare land). This study can provide the significant basis for remediation the reclaimed land. The results showed that the rank of humus contents, humification degrees and stability decreased in the order: vegetable field > corn-wheat field > woodland > bare land. The composition of soil humin (HM) was various under different land use patterns, the sequence of carbon content in humin composition was HMr > HMi > HMc. The contents of HM fractions significantly increased with application of organic fertilizer. The concentrations of Cu and Cd in soil from the reclaimed land were higher than those in the reference soil, while the concentration of Zn was lower than normal, the soils were in light pollution status. The organic fertilizer could be used to improve soil fertility. However, the contents of heavy metal in organic fertilizer should be controlled in terms of avoiding soil pollution.