玛河流域耕地景观细碎化与利用效率的关联性探析

运用生态学景观格局指数测算了玛纳斯河流域耕地细碎化水平，利用DEA-Malmquist生产率指数方法测算了耕地利用的纯技术效率和规模效率，运用相关分析测度了细碎化水平与耕地利用的纯技术效率、规模效率和综合效率的关系。结果表明:研究区耕地逐渐由初期小面积斑块占主导、空间上破碎分布的格局趋于耕地景观连续化。20年间耕地景观综合效率为“降低—增加—降低”走势，同时耕地生产率呈现“增加—降低—增加”的趋势，耕地生产率和20年间的技术变化走势吻合。景观边缘复杂度和耕地景观规模度水平对耕地技术效率和全要素生产率产生一定负面影响。耕地景观形状的不规整阻碍了农业的发展及农业机械的采用，也造成农业经营效率的损失，无形中提高了使用机械的物质费用，降低了粮食生产的劳动生产率、土地生产率和成本产值率。

Analysis of Correlation Between Farmland Landscape Fragmentation and Utilization Efficiency in Manas River Basin,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

We calculated the level of farmland landscape fragmentation by ecology landscape pattern index in Manas River Basin, and used the method of DEA-Malmquist productivity index to measure the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of farmland use and relationship between the level of farmland landscape fragmentation and pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, comprehensive efficiency of farmland use. The results showed that pattern of farmland of the study area had tended gradually to continuous farmland landscape from the early small dominated patches and fragmentized pattern in space. Farmland landscape comprehensive efficiency in the two decades had the trend of ‘reduce—increase—reduce’ and farmland productivity was the trend of ‘increase—reduces—increase’. Farmland productivity and technical change trend in the two decades were similar. Landscape edge levels of complexity and farmland landscape scale of arable land had negative effects on technical efficiency and total factor productivity. Farmland landscape irregular shape hindered the development of agriculture and agricultural machinery and caused the loss of agricultural management efficiency, which enhanced virtually the costs to use mechanical material and reduced the labor productivity and land productivity of grain production and cost output ratio.