适宜机械收获株行距对黄土旱塬春玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响

通过黄土旱塬适宜机械化收获的不同株行距种植模式,研究不同株行距对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响,为该春玉米生产力提升提供理论依据。以紧凑型高产先玉335为供试品种,设置适宜机械化收获的55cm和75cm两种行距,通过株距调整设置6.0万株/hm~2,7.5万株/hm~2,9.0万株/hm~2,10.5万株/hm~2共4种栽培密度,于2014年和2015年连续2年定位试验,研究株行距对春玉米生长发育及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与55cm行距相比,75cm行距在干旱条件下能够有效延缓叶片衰老,成熟期依然具有较高的SPAD值、叶面积和叶面积指数,持绿性良好,为光合产物提高给予了支撑。不同株行距种植模式WUE表现不同,吐丝期WUEF基本随密度增加而增大,2种行距下2014年和2015年均是9.0万株/hm~2,10.5万株/hm~2密度处理WUEF较高;收获期2014年55cm行距9.0万株/hm~2,10.5万株/hm~2密度处理WUEH较高,75cm行距7.5万株/hm~2,10.5万株/hm~2密度处理WUEH较高,2015年2种行距下均为6.0万株/hm~2,10.5万株/hm~2密度处理WUEH较高。产量水分利用效率WUEY,55cm行距变化无规律,75cm行距随密度增加而增大。55cm行距和75cm行距均可以作为黄土旱塬区春玉米机械化收获种植行距,综合土壤水分变化、叶面积指数、SPAD值、收获指数、产量及水分利用效率等,75cm行距7.5万株/hm~2种植密度可以作为紧凑型春玉米试验区域内最佳株行距设置。

Effect of Row Spacing on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Mechanical Harvest Spring Maize in Dryland of the Loess Plateau

The influence of different plant row spaces on spring maize yield and water use efficiency was investigated under the suitable for mechanical harvesting of different row spacing cropping patterns through the Loess Plateau Dryland in order to provide theoretical basis for the productivity of spring maize.XY335 with compact and high yield was selected as the test variety,suitable for mechanized harvesting 55 cm and 75 cm two plant row spacing were set up.By planting distance adjusting setting 6.0 × 104 plant/hm2,7.5 × 104 plant/hm2,9.0 × 104 plant/ hm2,and 10.5 × 104 plant/hm2 four planting density,in a row positioning experiment in 2014 and 2015,the influence of the plant row spacing on spring maize growth and water use efficiency were examined.Results showed that compared with 55 cm row spacing,75 cm row spacing in dry conditions can effectively delay leaf senescence,SPAD value,leaf area and leaf area index are still high in mature period,the green leaf gave support for the increase of photosynthetic product.Different plant row spacing cultivation modes have different WUE,spinning WUEF increases with increase of density,WUEF were high in two types of plant row spacing under the densities of 9.0 × 104 plant/hm2 and 10.5 × 104 plant/ hm2 in 2014 and 2015;WUEH were high in 55 cm row spacing under densities of 9.0 × 104 plant/hm2 and 10.5 × 104 plant/hm2 in 2014,WUEH were high in 75 cm row spacing under the densites of 7.5 × 104 plant/ hm2 and 10.5 × 104 plant/hm2,WUEH were high in two kinds of plant row spacing under densities of 6.0 × 104 plant/hm2 and 10.5 × 104 plant/hm2 in 2015.Production water use efficiency irregularly changed in 55 cm row spacing,and increased with the increase of density in 75 cm row spacing.55 cm and 75 cm row spacing can be used as the row spacing of spring maize under mechanical harvest in Dryland of the Loess Plateau,75 cm row spacing with the planting density of 7.5 × 104 plant/hm2 can be used as a best compact set of planting pattern of spring maize in the test area in terms of soil moisture change,leaf area index,SPAD value,harvest index and yield and water use efficiency.