二倍体、四倍体小麦成熟胚组织培养研究初报

以栽培二粒小麦(Triticum dicoccum Schuble)、硬粒小麦(Triticum durum Desf.)以及普通六倍体小麦祖先种野生二粒小麦(Triticum dicoccoides Kom.)、野生一粒小麦(Triticum aegilopides Bal.)4个基因型麦属植物成熟胚(MEs)为外植体,对成熟胚愈伤组织诱导、分化及植株再生的组织培养效果做了初步研究,筛选出适合于非六倍体小麦成熟胚组织培养的基因型.结果表明,不同基因型成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导、分化及植株再生差异显著,具有很强的基因型效应和基因型依赖性.其中栽培二粒小麦的成熟胚表现出较好的组织培养特性,它的愈伤组织诱导率、分化率、成苗率以及组培效率分别为95.00%、90.00%、32.40%、27.70%,显著高于其它基因型.二倍体、四倍体小麦成熟胚组织培养特性的研究以及组织培养基因型的筛选,为遗传转化体系的建立、小麦功能基因的分离和克隆,以及小麦分子育种工作奠定了基础.

Primary Studies on Tissue Culture of Mature Embryo from Diploid and Tetraploid Wheat

The behavior of diploid and tetraploid wheat in their tissue culture response of mature embryo (MEs) callus was primarily studied in this paper. Significant differences were detected in callus induction, embryogenic callus differentiation, plantlet regeneration and culture efficiency when mature embryos of cultivable emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schuble), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), and the common wheat progenitors Triticum dicoccoides, and Triticum aegilopides were compared. The results showed that, the genotype dependency was strongly high in tissue culture of mature embryos of these triticum plant genotypes. The genotype, which the efficiency of induction, differentiation and regeneration of mature embryos callus was high, had been screened out. Mature embryo-derived callus of T. dicoccum showed better tissue culture response than other genotypes. Its frequency of callus induction, embryogenic callus differentiation, plantlet regeneration and culture efficiency were 95.00%, 90.00%, 32.40%, 27.70% respectively. Plantlets can be regenerated from mature embryos of diploid and tetraploid wheats saving on growth facility resources and time required for the collection of other explants and providing a solid basis for genetic transformation, genes clonging and molecular plant breeding of triticum plants.