家蚕表皮酪氨酸酶和漆酶的分离纯化及酶学鉴定

酚氧化酶是昆虫黑化反应的关键酶类。采用硫酸铵分级(20%～30%、40%～65%饱和度)沉淀以及ConA Sepharose4B亲和层析和Sephacryl S-200凝胶过滤的方法,从家蚕蛹表皮样品中分离纯化出酪氨酸酶和漆酶,2种酶的比活力分别达到2 900、1 343 U/mg。经非还原SDS-PAGE电泳和酶学动力学特性分析表明:家蚕表皮酪氨酸酶的分子质量约80 kD,酶蛋白经凝胶电泳分离后用底物酪氨酸和邻苯二酚染色呈现棕褐色条带,该酶与2种底物的米氏常数(Km)分别是16.8 mmol/L和12.5 mmol/L,最适pH分别是6.5和7.5,最适温度均是30℃;家蚕表皮漆酶的分子质量约44 kD,酶蛋白经凝胶电泳分离后用底物2,2'-氨基-二(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸盐)(ABTS)染色呈现蓝绿色,而用酪氨酸染色颜色没有变化,该酶与底物ABTS的Km值是32.7 mmol/L,最适pH 5.0,最适温度50℃;酪氨酸酶的热稳定性比漆酶高。研究结果表明,采用硫酸分级沉淀、亲和层析和凝胶过滤方法能从家蚕表皮中分离纯化出漆酶和酪氨酸酶,酶学动力学分析二者对催化底物的特异性有差别,推测它们在家蚕表皮的硬化和黑化过程中发挥不同生理作用。

Isolation,Purification and Enzymological Identification of Tyrosinase and Laccase in Bombyx mori Cuticle

Phenoloxidase is a key enzyme involved in melanin biosynthesis of insect.In present study,tyrosinase and laccase were extracted from the cuticle of silkworm(Bombyx mori) pupae by means of graded ammonium sulfate(20% ~30% and 40% ~65% saturation degrees) precipitation,ConA Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography,and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration.Specific activity of the two obtained enzymes reached 2 900 and 1 343 U/mg respectively.Analyses on the enzymological and kinetic properties by non-reducing SDS-PAGE i...