Calf welfare. |
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Authors: | Carolyn Stull Jim Reynolds |
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Affiliation: | Veterinary Medicine Extension, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. |
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Abstract: | Many factors contribute to the well-being of calves on the commercial dairy including housing and environment; nutritional and health programs; handling and caretaker interactions; herd dynamics; and the common management practices of transportation, euthanasia, dehorning, and teat removal. Ensuring and assessing the welfare of calves on commercial dairies is a complex challenge, especially because the terminology and factors contributing to assessing animal welfare in agricultural animals, such as dairy calves, has not been clearly defined within the scientific community. |
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