细菌对四类土壤常见抗生素的降解机制

为了解决土壤中常见抗生素对环境的污染问题,就细菌对4种抗生素的降解机制进行了综述。研究发现某些细菌具有分解抗生素的能力,作用机制:β-内酰胺酶使β-内酰胺类抗生素开环;酯酶、磷酸化酶和糖苷酶作用大环内酯类抗生素使其钝化;AAC、APH和ANT三类氨基糖苷类修饰酶对氨基糖苷类抗生素的修饰作用;氯霉素乙酰转移酶CAT基因catA和catB介导编码产生的酰基转移酶使氯霉素转化为无抗菌活性的代谢产物。通过阐明细菌对抗生素的降解机制,为解决土壤抗生素的污染问题提供了依据。

Degradation Mechanism of Bacteria for Four Kinds of Common Antibiotics in Soil

In order to solve the environmental pollution problem of common antibiotics in soil ,the degradation mechanism of the bacteria on four kinds of antibiotics was reviewed to solve the environmental of common anti‐biotics in the soil .It was found that some bacteria had the ability to break down antibiotics ,and the mechanism of action was as followed :β‐lactamase open the loop of β‐lactam antibiotic ;esterase ,phosphorylase and glycosi‐dase make macrolide antibiotics passivation ;modification of three types of amino glycosides modification en‐zymes that AACs ,APHs and ANTs ;chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes ,cat A and cat B ,encoding acyl‐transferase that making chloramphenicol into metabolites has no antibacterial activity .The results provided a basis for solving the problem of the pollution of soil antibiotics by elucidating the mechanism of the degradation of bacteria to antibiotics .