水葫芦发酵沼液对紫叶莴苣生长和品质的影响

利用田间小区试验研究了等氮量下不同比例水葫芦发酵沼液对紫叶莴苣生长、产量、氮磷钾养分吸收量及茎部品质的影响。结果表明,沼液替代化肥氮比例为50%、75%和100%处理莴苣产量分别比100%化肥氮处理增加9.1%、16.1%和10.3%。但基肥中化肥的比例上升能促进莴苣苗期的生长和提高氮的吸收,而沼液作为追肥较单施化肥更能促进莴苣的生长和养分的吸收。同时沼液氮施用比例增加,莴苣商品化率提高。和100%化肥处理相比,沼液施用比例为50%、75%和100%处理硝酸盐含量分别降低了13.6%、14.3%和11.3%。沼液氮施用比例为50%~100%处理中,100%沼液氮施用处理其可溶性糖、Vc含量和游离氨基酸含量都最低,而75%沼液氮施用比例下可获得最高的氨基酸、可溶性糖和Vc含量。研究认为,沼液基施效果比单施尿素等化学肥料效果稍差,但追施沼液比化肥更加促进了莴苣的生长和养分吸收,并缩短莴苣的生长期,提高其商品率。综合莴苣生长趋势、生物量及商品化率和品质来看,沼液替代75%化肥氮比例是最佳施用比例。

Effects of Different Ratios of Biogas Slurry of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Substitute Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Lettuce (L.sativa)

Field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different ratios of biogas slurry substitute chemical nitrogen fertilizers on yield, nutrient accumulation and fresh quality of lettuce (L. sativa). The results showed that the application of fertilizers and slurry could promote the growth of lettuce. The yields of treatments with 50%, 75% and 100% ratios of slurry were 9.1%, 16.1% and 10.3% respectively higher than that of 100% urea treatment, but chemical fertilizer as the basal got a better effect than slurry while biogas slurry got better growth and higher nutrient absorption as the after manuring compared to chemical N fertilizer. The economic yield increased with the increasing ratio of slurry. Compared to 100% chemical treatment, nitrate contents under biogas slurry application ratio of 50%, 75% and 100% were decreased by 13.6%, 14.3% and 11.3%, respectively. However, soluble sugar, Vc contents and free amino acid concentrations of 100% biogas slurry application were lower but were highest of 75% biogas slurry application. In conclusion, the proportion of 75% slurry application was the best fertilizer ratio.