山胡椒果实生长发育规律及油脂变化研究

为揭示山胡椒果实生长特性及油脂变化规律，对山胡椒果实生长发育过程中主要数量性状、油脂含量及脂肪酸组分进行了收集统计分析。结果表明：坐果初期至6月中旬是较为集中的果实膨大期，山胡椒果实纵横径、百果鲜重和体积在此期间增长迅速；果实纵横径生长曲线与“S”模型高度吻合，决定系数R²在0.95以上，回归方程统计检验达到极显著水平(P＜0.001)；油脂积累主要集中在7月下旬至9月上旬，鲜果含油率在该阶段的增幅达到鲜果总含油率的73.23%；生长发育过程中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量降低，饱和脂肪酸相对含量升高，但不饱和脂肪酸相对含量始终高于饱和脂肪酸，其中油酸整体呈上升趋势，油酸的动态变化与亚油酸和硬脂酸均呈显著负相关关系(P≤0.05)，相关系数r分别为-0.801、 -0.843。此外，在山胡椒果实油脂中检测出一定量的具有广泛工业用途的羊蜡酸、月桂酸。

Study on Fruit Growth Regularity and Lipid Accumulation of Lindera glauca

In order to reveal the dynamics of fruit growth and lipid accumulation regularity of Lindera glauca Blume, the quantitative character, lipid content and fatty acid composition of fruit were analyzed. The results showed that vertical and horizontal diameter of fruit, fresh weight of one hundred fruit and volume increased rapidly from fruit setting to the middle of June, which was relatively intensive fruit enlargement period. The fruit growth curves of vertical and horizontal diameter were fairly similar to‘S’model, whose coefficient of determination was more than 0.95 and statistical test of regression equation reached a highly significant level (P<0.001). Lipid accumulated mainly from late June to early September, during which time oil growth reached 73.23% of the total oil content of fresh fruit. In the process of growth and development, although the relative content of unsaturated fatty acid declined and that of saturated fatty acid increased, the relative content of unsaturated fatty acid was always higher than that of saturated fatty acid. Overall oleic acid was on a rising trend, and there was a strong negative correlation between oleic acid and linoleic acid as well as stearic acid (P≤0.05), whose correlation coefficients were -0.801 and -0.843, respectively. In addition, certain amount of capric acid and lauric acid, which were widely used in industry, were detected in fruit oil of Lindera glauca.