云南不同生态型甘蔗细茎野生种育种潜力分析

【目的】筛选符合育种目标要求的甘蔗组合或种质,以扩大甘蔗遗传种质血缘,提高甘蔗育种效率。【方法】以云南不同生态类型的10份甘蔗细茎野生种无性系及其与栽培种杂交组配的17个组合有性世代群体为研究材料,应用R软件统计分析其株高、茎径、有效茎数、锤度、蔗茎产量和蔗糖产量等6个主要经济性状的配合力、遗传力。【结果】不同生态型甘蔗细茎野生种（父本）对其杂交后代的影响主要表现为蔗茎产量的改变,对后代主要经济性状的改良主要表现为产量性状的变化,而双亲对后代性状的改良主要表现在锤度、茎径、株高、有效茎数4个性状。在亲本及所配组合中,以不同组合方式对后代性状的影响较大,其次为父本,母本影响相对较小。湿热生态型甘蔗细茎野生种蔗茎产量的配合力表现突出,尤其是云割82-114、瑞割06-7-3,可作为高产育种的重要种质。半湿润半干燥型甘蔗细茎野生种的锤度表现出极高的配合力,尤其是云割83-174、云割83-160和云南1号,可作为高糖育种的优良种质。粤糖93-159×云割82-114、CP65-357×瑞割06-7-3和CP77-1776×云割82-114等3个组合的蔗糖、蔗茎产量和锤度特殊配合力均为正效应,是高糖、高产优良组合,应重点利用。【结论】云南不同生态型甘蔗细茎野生种无性系的蔗茎产量、蔗糖分遗传潜力表现不尽相同,应有目的地选择利用多种类型的甘蔗细茎野生种无性系创新种质,培育新型亲本,尽可能地丰富甘蔗育种遗传基础。

Breeding potential of Saccharum spontaneum L. collected from several ecological areas of Yunnan

【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to screen new sugarcane combinations or germplasm with the objectives to expand the sugarcane genetic background and enhance the breeding efficiency of sugarcane. 【Method】 Ten Saccharum spontaneum L. clones, collected from several ecological areas of Yunnan Province, were crossed to sugarcane landrace, and their seventeen combinations were used as materials. The broad-sense heritability and combining ability of six main economic traits, including plant height, diameter, brix, millable stalk number, sugar yield and cane yield were calculated by R software. 【Result】The different S. spontaneum L. when used as male parents, showed improvement in yield and economic characters of their hybrids. The effect of male and female parents on their hybrids was mainly observed in im- provement of brix, stalk diameter, plant height and millable stalk number. In all parents and their cross combinations, the different combination patterns showed significant effects on the character improvement of their hybrids. The S. spontaneum L. collected from hot and humid regions showed high general combining ability for cane yield, especially in Yunge 82-114 and Ruige 06-7-3 which can be used as important germplasm in breeding of high cane yielding varieties. The S. spontaneum L., especially Yunge 83-174, Yunge 83 -160 and Yunnan 1, collected from semihumid and semiarid regions showed high general combining ability for brix and may be used as fine germplasm in breeding high sugar yielding varieties. The special combining ability of three combinations viz., Yuetang 93-159 × Yunge 82-114, CP65-357 × Ruige 06-7-3 and CP77-1776 × Yunge 82-114 showed positive effects on sugar yield, cane yield and brix and these may be utilized in breeding both, the high sugar and high yielding varieties. 【Conclusion】Different ecological types of Saccharum spontaneum L. collected from Yunnan showed different heritability potential on cane yield and sugar yield, which can be selected with breeding objectives to make innovative germplasm and breeding new type of parents for enriching the sugarcane genetic background.