生物质炭与化肥配施对连作黄瓜产量及肥料利用率的影响

在如皋农科所进行黄瓜大棚试验,设置按常规施肥(计为100%,F)、减肥10%(F-10%)和减肥20%(F-20%)3个施肥水平,每个施肥水平下设置生物质炭添加量为0 t/hm²(CK)、5 t/hm²(C1)、10 t/hm²(C2)、20 t/hm²(C3)、30 t/hm²(C4)和40 t/hm²(C5)6个处理,以CK和CF(不施生物质炭也不施化肥)处理为对照,测定和分析黄瓜产量以及肥料利用率等相关参数。结果表明,在同一施肥水平下,与CK处理相比,添加生物质炭的处理组中黄瓜产量、肥料利用率及相关指标均达到显著增加水平(P<0.05),C5处理的黄瓜产量和氮、磷、钾肥料利用率均达到最大值。C5处理的黄瓜产量和氮、磷、钾肥料利用率在F处理水平下分别为27.60 t/hm²、23.75%、3.62%和24.85%,与CK处理相比,分别提高了59.67%、337.44%、177.94%和120.69%;在F-10%水平下分别比CK处理提高了73.88%、163.82%、234.33%和183.24%;在F-20%水平下分别比CK处理提高了82.10%、148.73%、246.46%和215.66%。在相同生物质炭添加量的处理中,化肥减施没有造成C2、C3、C4和C5处理中的黄瓜产量降低,而肥料利用率均呈上升趋势,在F-20%处理水平下达到最高,其与传统施肥相比,CK、C1、C2、C3、C4和C5的氮肥利用率分别提高了135.42%、145.96%、116.94%、70.47%、63.33%和33.86%,磷肥利用率分别提高了69.26%、57.31%、59.78%、27.90%、67.91%和110.99%,钾肥利用率分别提高了27.90%、99.55%、84.75%、62.97%、60.91%和82.94%。本试验研究表明,生物质炭与化肥配施是减缓连作障碍的有效途径。

Effects of Biochar Combined with Fertilizer on Cucumber Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency Under Continuous Cropping

Continuous cropping and excessive fertilization has been commonly existed in vegetables production in China, which is unfavorable to the sustainable development of agriculture and ecological environment protection. The effects of biochar and fertilizer on cucumber yield and fertilizer use efficiency were investigated by a field experiment, providing a scientific basis for the improvement of fertilizer use efficiency and cucumber production .Field experiments were carried on the fluvo-aquic soil in Rugao. Fertilization had three levels: traditional fertilization(F); reduce 10% fertilization(F-10%); reduce 20% fertilization, every fertilization level had six rates of biochar application (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t.hm_^-2, designated as CK, C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5, respectively). Taken CK and CF (no biochar and no fertilization) as control, the cucumber yield, plant nutrient uptake and fertilizer use efficiency were studied.Results]Compared with the CK treatments at a fertilization level, the cucumber yield, fertilizer use efficiency and related indicators were significantly increased in C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 treatments (P<0.05). Compared with CK treatments at the F fertilization level, the cucumber yield and fertilizer use efficiency of NPK in C5 treatments were 27.60 t.hm_^-2, 23.75%, 3.62%, and 24.85%, respectively, which increased by 59.67%, 337.44%, 177.94%, and 120.69%, respectively; At the F-10% fertilization level, the cucumber yield and the fertilizer use efficiency of NPK of C5 treatments increased by 73.88%, 163.82%, 234.33%, and 183.24% respectively as compared to CK. The cucumber yield and the fertilizer use efficiency of NPK in C5 treatments increased by 82.10%, 148.73%, 246.46%, and 215.66%, respectively, compared with CK treatments at the F-20% fertilization level. In the same biochar treatment, the cucumber yield was not reduced in C2, C3, C4, and C5 treatments, but the fertilizer use efficiency was significantly increased. The highest reached at F-20% fertilization level, compared with F fertilization level, the fertilizer use efficiency of nitrogen in CK, C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 treatments increased by 135.42%, 145.96%, 116.94%, 70.47%, 63.33%, and 33.86% respectively. The fertilizer use efficiency of phosphorus was increased by 69.26%, 57.31%, 59.78%, 27.90%, 67.91%, and 110.97%, respectively. The fertilizer use efficiency of potassium increased by 27.90%, 99.55%, 84.75%, 62.97%, 60.91%, and 82.94%, respectively, at F-20% fertilization level. This study showed that biochar and fertilizer could improve continuous cucumber yield, fertilizer use efficiency, agronomic efficiency, partial productivity, apparent recovery rate and soil available nutrient content. With the reduction of fertilizer, cucumber yield was not reduced, while fertilizer use efficiency, agronomy efficiency, partial factor productivity and recovery efficiency were improved.Therefore,biochar combined with fertilizer is an effective way to alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping.