无土草毯研究进展

无土草毯是指不用土壤作为基质,而是将营养元素和矿物质根据草坪草生长所需科学的配置置入培养基质中,在培养基质中正常生长发育而成的可用于铺植的草毯.对无土草毯生产的基质种类、理化性质、栽培管理技术等进行了归纳总结.目前无土草毯采用的基质主要为泥炭、秸秆、城市污泥等有机基质,砂、蛭石及珍珠岩等无机基质以及有机材料与无机材料混合成的混合基质.无土草毯生产主要受到基质的容重、总孔隙度、大小孔隙比(气水比)和粒径等物理性质的影响,同时基质的酸碱性(pH值)、阳离子交换量(CEC)和电导率(EC值)等化学性质也是影响无土草毯栽培的关键因素.近年来有关无土草毯生产的栽培技术热点主要集中在隔离材料、基质厚度、草种播量及成坪时间等方面,其中隔离材料主要是无纺布、塑料地膜及遮阳网等;基质原料不同,其厚度也存在差异,但无论哪种基质,基质厚度均在1.5～3.0 cm之间为宜;此外无土草毯生产的草种播量以及成坪时间也因草种、播量以及地域的不同而存在差异.

Research advances in soilless turf sod

The soilless turf sod is laid without natural soil, but the nutrients and minerals necessary for the growth of turf are placed in the medium according to scientific configuration. In this paper, the research progress of soilless turf sod was summarized from the aspects of media, physical and chemical properties, and cultivation and management techniques. At present, the commonly used soilless turf sod media are mainly peat, straw, urban sludge and other organic media, sand, vermiculite, perlite and other inorganic media, as well as a variety of mixed media. A great deal of studies indicated that the physical properties of the media have effects on the soilless turf sod, such as the volume weight, total porosity, size-pore ratio (gas-water ratio) and grain size. Meanwhile, the main chemical properties of media that affect the growth of soilless grass sod are pH, CEC (Cation exchange capacity) and EC (Electrical conductivity). The cultivation and management techniques of soilless grass sod growth mainly include isolation materials, media thickness, turf seed quantity and turf growing time, etc. The isolation materials include non-woven fabric, plastic film and shade net, etc.. Depending on the raw material of the media, the thickness of the media varies, in general, the suitable thickness of the media is 1.5 - 3.0 cm. The amount of seed and turf growing time also vary with the choice of turf seed, seeding amount and region.