奶牛场用水特征及节水措施

为了系统全面地掌握奶牛养殖场用水特征,提出科学合理的节水措施,采用查阅文献和实地调研相结合的方法,概述了国内外奶牛养殖现状,系统总结了奶牛养殖各环节用水特征、变化规律及影响因素。结果显示:饮用水、清洁水、降温水是国内外奶牛养殖主要用水构成,养殖规模、泌乳牛比例、挤奶厅类型、气候特点等是影响奶牛场用水特征的主要因素,构建涵盖多因素的用水量预测模型是研究热点。分析确定了饮用水、挤奶厅用水和喷淋用水是奶牛养殖重点节水环节,并对后续奶牛场养殖过程节水研究提出了具体建议。

Characteristics of water consumption and water saving measures of dairy farm

In order to master the characteristics of water use in dairy farms systematically and comprehensively, and put forward the scientific and reasonable water-saving measures. By means of literature review and field research, the paper outlined the current situation of dairy farming at China and abroad, and systematically summarized the features, changing rules and influencing factors of water use in the link of dairy farming. The results showed that drinking water, clean water and cooling water were the main water structure of dairy farming at home and abroad. The scale of breeding, the proportion of lactating cows, the type of milking parlour and the climate features were the main factors affecting the characteristics of dairy water consumption, and the construction of multi-factor water consumption prediction model was a research hotspot. It was determined that drinking water, milking parlour water and spray water were the key water-saving links in dairy farming, and specific suggestions were presented for the follow-up water-saving research in dairy farming process, for providing technical support for pollution prevention and control in dairy farm.