水田双向修筑埂机回转调节自动锁定装置设计与试验

为提高筑埂作业效率、减轻劳动强度,解决水田双向修筑埂机在切换作业方式过程中因手动控制精度不高、摆动较大而导致回转不平稳及无法自动锁定的问题,设计了一种可使旋耕和镇压部件回转调节自动锁定的装置。阐述了整体结构及工作原理,建立回转调节自动锁定装置的模型,通过运动学及动力学分析,获得了回转过程的角加速度范围为0.038~0.154 rad/s²,确定所需电动推杆电动机的额定输出扭矩为1.64~6.71 N·m。通过对电动推杆运动速度的求解,得到电动推杆伸长速度与回转时间的关系曲线,并据此进行控制系统设计,实现了通过手机控制自动转向、解锁及接收反馈信息的功能。对锁销进行受力分析,得到锁销受到的最大阻力为18 470 N,确定锁销的直径为10 mm。进行回转性能试验,记录一个回转周期内链传动箱的回转调节状态,并与理论运动状态进行对比,结果表明:整个回转周期的均方误差为1.01(°)²,回转调节过程与理想运动过程较为吻合,控制系统精度较高;水田双向修筑埂机田间作业所修筑田埂的埂顶与埂两侧坚实度为1 180、2 050 k Pa,回转调节自动锁定装置锁定牢靠,不影响田间正常筑埂作业。

Design and Experiment of Rotation Adjustment and Automatic Locking Device of Bi-directional Ridger for Paddy Field

Aiming to ensure the efficiency of ridge construction, reduce the labor intensity, and solve the problem that the manual control accuracy was not high and there was a large swing in the process of switching operation mode of the bi-directional ridger in paddy field, resulting in unstable rotation and unable to automatically lock. The whole structure and working principle were described. The motion model of the rotation adjustment device and the locking device was established, the angular acceleration range of the rotation process was determined to be 0.038~0.154rad/s2 and the rated output torque of the motor of the required electric push rod was 1.64~6.71N·m through kinematic and dynamic analysis. Based on the calculation of the moving speed of the electric putter, the relation curve between the elongation speed of the electric putter and the turning time was obtained and the steering control system was designed. According to the stress analysis of the lock pin, the maximum resistance of the lock pin to the soil was 18470N and the diameter of the lock pin was 10mm. The slewing performance test was conducted to record the slewing adjustment state of the chain drive box and compared with the theoretical motion state designed in a rotating cycle. The results showed that the mean square error of the whole rotation cycle was 1.01(°)2, the rotation adjustment process was consistent with the ideal motion process, and the control system had a high precision. Field operation performance test was conducted on the bi-directional ridger in paddy field. The test results showed that the average solidity of the ridge reached 1180kPa, and the rotation adjustment locking device was firmly locked, which did not affect the normal operation in the field.