氮用量运筹对免耕早稻产量构成的研究

[目的]探索氮肥在免耕早稻水稻的合理应用。[方法]以皖稻143为供试品种,小区试验,塑盘旱育,氮肥施用量设5个处理(0、135、180、225、270 kg/hm2),研究了施氮对免耕早稻产量构成的影响。[结果]各处理的早稻群体茎蘖动态随氮素用量增加而增加,生育期随着施氮量的增加而延长。早稻产量随施氮量的增加而提高,施氮处理产量比对照增产3 601.80～4 869.15 kg/hm2,提高131.71%～177.29%。产量和效益均能获得较好的施氮用量处理是180 kg/hm2,其中基施90 kg/hm2,促蘖肥施45 kg/hm2,保花肥45 kg/hm2。早稻增施氮肥可延长生育期,每增施3 kg氮素可延长1 d生育期。[结论]氮用量运筹对免耕早稻茎蘖动态、产量及构成因素有一定的影响。

Study on the Effects of N Application on the Yield Components in No-tillage Early Rice

[Objective] The aim of the research was to explored the reasonable application of N fertilizer in no-tillage early rice.[Method] With Wandao 143 as tested varieties in plot test,plastic plate dry raising was made and 5 N application amounts(0,135,180,225,270 kg/hm2) were set up to study the effects of applying N on the yield components in no-tillage early rice.[Result] In each treatment,the tillering dynamics of early rice population were increased with the increasing of N dosage and the growth period was prolonged with the increasing of N application amount.The yield of early rice was increased with the increase of N application amount.The yield of early rice in the treatments of applying N was increased 3 601.80-4 869.15 kg/ hm2 than that of CK,being 131.71%-177.29% higher than CK.Better yield and benefits could both be obtained in the treatment with N application amount of 180 kg/hm2,among which applying 90 kg/hm2 fertilizer in basal application,applying 45 kg/hm2 fertilizer to promote the tillering and applying 45 kg/hm2 to preserving flowers.Applying N fertilizer in early rice could prolong the growth period and the growth period could be prolonged one day by applying 3 kg nitrogen.[Conclusion] N application had certain effects on the tillering dynamics,yield and its component factors of no-tillage early rice.