小麦族属种间杂种幼胚培养研究

采用基本培养基N_6附加谷氨酸,酵母浸出液、激动素和水解乳蛋白,以及C_(17)基本培养基附加肌醇、椰乳和水解酪蛋白,对小麦族一些属、种间杂种进行幼胚离体培养,由胚直接发育成苗。成功地获得了Kengyilia Zhoasuensis,Hordeum bulbosum,普通小麦,Aegilops crassa, Ae. biconis, Ae.tauschii, H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (Isreal)与其同父本Psathyrostachys huashanica的属间杂种,和鹅观草属(Roegneria)的一些种的种间杂种,以及西藏杂草型普通小麦,四川白麦子(含中国春和成都光头)与Ae. tauschii(中国及中东产)的属间杂种植株,为进一步研究小麦族的系统学提供了宝贵的材料。其中多数远缘杂种植株的获得在国内外为首次报道。一个亲本(父本或母本)固定,与另一属、种、亚种乃至变种等分类级别的亲本(母本或父本)杂交,其杂种幼胚诱导成苗频率差异很大,但差异程度与分类级别无关。双亲亲缘关系较远的普通小麦×华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huashanica)的杂种幼胚成苗率显著高于具有相同D染色体组的中国春与Ae. tauschii的杂种幼胚成苗率。同时,不同基因型的杂交组合对上述两种培养基组成的成苗率也有差异。

STUDIES ON EMBRYO CULTURE OF INTERGENERIC AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS IN TRITICEAE

Young embryos obtained from 22 intergeneric and interspecific hybrids in Triticeae were cultured on N_6 basic medium supplemented with L—Glutamic acid, Yeast extract, Kinetin(6—Furfuryl aminopurine), and Lactalbumin Hydrolysate and C_(17) basic medium supplemented with Myo—Inositol, Coconut milk, and Casein Hydrolysate, Embryos were successfully direcctly regenerated to plantlets. From April to July in 1988. these hybrids are valuable for studying on biosystematic of Triticeae, and most of them were first reported. Although the seedling induction frequency of embryos of same parent (used as male or female) crossed with different genera, species or accessions existed greatly difference. But, there is no correlation between taxonomic relationship, only depended upon the special gene action. This study showed that regeneration frequency of embryos of common wheat Chinese Spring crossed with Psathyrostachys huashanica was higher than that of Chinese Spring crossed with Aegilops lauschii which all contain D genome. The regeneration ability of embryo of different genotype cultured on these two media also existed difference.