5种滨藜属植物叶肉细胞超微结构的比较解剖

采用透射电镜,对生长在不同环境下的5种滨藜属(Atriplex L.)植物叶肉细胞超微结构进行比较解剖,旨在揭示其适应环境的结构特点.结果显示:5种滨藜属植物的栅栏组织细胞的细胞膜均有破损,并局部内陷形成小泡,分布于细胞膜周围与液泡中;叶绿体的膜系统受环境影响显著,异苞滨藜叶绿体的基粒片层和基质片层发育良好,而生长在盐渍、干旱胁迫下的疣苞滨藜和白滨藜,叶绿体受损最严重,类囊体膨胀,片层扭曲并伴有体积大的淀粉粒;脂质球在光滨藜中含量最丰富,疣苞滨藜和白滨藜中最少.细胞超微结构的变化是滨藜对盐渍、干旱等胁迫条件的适应策略,表明5种滨藜能通过改变自身的细胞结构来适应不同的生境.

Comparison of the Ultrastructure of Mesophyll Cells in 5 Species of Atriplex L.Plants

In this study,the ultrastructure of mesophyll cells of 5 species of AtriplexL.plants growing in Xinjiang is observed under TEM.The focuses of the study are to investigate the cell structure of these 5 species of AtriplexL.plants and provide the scientific reference for further understanding the adaption mechanism of halophytes.The results show that the plasma membrane in palisade tissue is contracted and appears in a form of wave,and partial cell membrane invaginates and forms vesicles to distribute around the cell membrane and in the vacuole center.The chloroplast is in ellipse shape and integral membrane system,and the well-developed granum lamellas and stroma lamellas of chloroplasts can be observed in mesophyll cell of A.micranthagrowing along a rivulet.The chloroplasts of A.verruciferaand A.canasuffer from the most serious damage,the thylakoid is swollen,and lamellae with big starch grains arrays in a twist way.The accumulation of lipid bodies does not change with the change of environment,and its content is the highest in A.laevisgrowing in better growth conditions.To sum up,the obvious change of cell ultrastructure is the result of AtriplexL.plants adapting to salinity and drought stress environment,and such change reveals that the 5 species of AtriplexL.plants can adapt the different habitats by changing their cell structure.