农业农村数字化对农户增收的影响机制研究

【目的】农业农村数字化是推动乡村振兴、建设农业强国的必由之路，对农户增收具有显著的赋能效应。构建农业农村数字化的综合评价体系，实证探究农业农村数字化的增收效应及作用机制，为缓解“数字鸿沟”难题、保障农业农村数字经济高质量发展提供政策启示。【方法】选取 2011—2020 年我国 31 个省（区）面板数据，运用熵权 TOPSIS 法对农业农村数字化水平进行测算，然后使用固定效应、中介效应考察数字化对农户增收的影响及作用机制，采用门槛模型探究数字化与农户增收之间的门槛效应。【结果】（1）农业农村数字化对农户增收有显著的促进作用，数字化水平每增加 1% 单位，农户收入平均增长 57.4 元；正向效应在东部地区较为显著，但在中部地区表现为抑制、西部地区促进效应并不明显，表明存在“数字鸿沟”；（2）农业农村数字化通过促进农户兼业发展、加速土地流转、提高农户融资概率、促进农产品销售等途径作用于农户收入增长；（3）数字普惠金融在农业农村数字化与农户增收之间存在显著的双重门槛效应，第一门槛值为 33.401，第二门槛值为 148.370。随着阈值区间的提高，农业农村数字化对农户收入增长呈现出先抑制后促进的“正 U 型”关系。【结论】农业农村数字化能够有效促进农户增收，但“数字鸿沟”困境仍然存在；提出加强数字化基础设施建设、提供农业数字化培训和教育、促进农村数字普惠金融发展、制定区域差异化的数字化发展策略等政策启示，以促进农户增收。

Study on the Influence Mechanism of Digitalization of Agriculture and Rural Areas on Farmers’ Income Increase

【Objective】The digitization of agriculture and rural areas is considered to be a crucial element in promoting rural revitalization and enhancing agricultural construction, significantly contributing to the increase of farmers’ income. The study aims to develop an comprehensive framework for evaluating the digitization of agriculture and rural areas, empirically investigating its effectiveness in income increase and clarifying the action mechanisms. Additionally, it provides policy-oriented insights to alleviate the challenges of the “digital divide” and to advance the sophisticated development of the digital economy in agricultural and rural areas.【Method】The panel data from 31 provinces (region) in China from 2011-2020 was selected, and the Entropy-Weighted TOPSIS Method was applied for assessing the level of digitalization in agriculture and rural areas. The fixed and mediation effects were utilized to investigate the influence and mechanisms of digitalization on farmers’ income increase. A threshold model was employed to explore the threshold effects between the digitalization and the increase of farmers’ income.【Result】(1) Digitalization in agriculture and rural areas significantly enhances farmers’ income; with a 1% increase in digitalization level corresponding to an average income increase of 57.4 CNY for farmers. The positive effect is more pronounced in the eastern regions, while it appears to be inhibitory in the central regions and less evident in promoting income in the western regions, indicating the presence of a “digital divide”. (2) Digitalization in agriculture and rural areas contributes to farmers’ income increase through multiple channels: fostering diversification of farmers’ occupations, accelerating land circulation, enhancing the probability of farmers obtaining financing, and promoting the sales of agricultural products. (3) Digital inclusive finance exhibits significant dual threshold effects between digitalization in agriculture and rural areas and farmers’income increase, with the first threshold value at 33.401 and the second at 148.370. As the threshold interval increases, the impact of digitalization on farmers’ income increase demonstrates a “positive U-shaped” relationship, showing as initially inhibitory and subsequently promotive.【Conclusion】Digitalization in agriculture and rural areas effectively facilitates income increase for farmers, however, the challenges of the “digital divide” persist. Consequently, it proposes policy implications such as enhancing digital infrastructure, providing training and education in agricultural digitalization, promoting the development of rural digital inclusive finance, and formulating region-specific digital development strategies to further augment farmers’ income.