油桃、蟠桃的遗传多效性及育种利用价值探讨

油桃、蟠桃是世界桃育种的重要方向。综述了油桃和蟠桃基因对生长发育的影响。桃果实无毛(油桃)和扁平(蟠桃)基因起源于我国的西北,是质量性状,有毛/无毛、扁平/圆为显性。油桃、蟠桃基因具有广泛的遗传多效性,油桃具有使果实的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、着色面积、去皮硬度和亚表皮细胞的淀粉粒增加的作用;使可溶性糖、果皮韧性、平均单果质量减少趋势;桃杂合体基因型Gg比纯合体基因型gg的茸毛短。蟠桃具有使果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比和亚表皮细胞的淀粉粒增加;使带皮硬度、去皮硬度、平均单果质量、平均果核质量、核质量/单果质量、产量指数减少趋势;油桃和蟠桃基因的这种多效性在油蟠桃中有累加作用。探讨了油桃和蟠桃遗传多效性对生态和对育种的利用价值,提出利用油桃和蟠桃改善果实品质,利用隐性无毛基因(g)增加有毛桃的着色程度、降低茸毛长度,培育短毛品种,培育小果形油蟠桃品种,适当提高我国鲜食品种可滴定酸。

Heritable pleiotropy of glabrous and saucer shape gene loci from peach and their breeding value

Diversification of fruit types is one of the peach breeding trends.Heritable pleiotropy of glabrous and saucer shape gene loci from peach were summarized in this article.Glabrous and saucer shape of peach cultivars originated in Northwest China and are qualitative characters.Pubescent to glabrous and saucer to non-saucer shape are dominant characters.Glabrous gene makes higher SSC,higher titratable acidity,higher red flush degree,higher firmness and more starch granule at sub-epidermis cell, but lower soluble sugar contents,lower fruit average mass.Gg(heterozygous gene type) makes fuzz short.Saucer shape makes higher SSC,higher soluble sugar content and more starch granule at sub-epidermis cell,but lower titratable acidity,lower flesh firmness,lower average fruit mass and lower yield index.Heritable pleiotropy of glabrous and saucer shape gene have additional effects in flat-nectarine,their breeding value is discussed.