安徽沿淮和淮北地区小麦穗粒重研究

为给重穗型小麦新品种选育及高产育种提供参考依据,以24个小麦品种(系)为材料,对穗粒重与产量、产量三要素及其他18个性状间的关系进行了分析。结果表明,供试品种间穗粒重、收获指数、产量及产量三要素存在着极显著差异;穗粒重与产量呈显著正相关,与穗粒数、收获指数、单茎生物产量、单茎草重呈极显著正相关,与倒三叶的面积呈显著正相关,与穗数、籽粒容重呈极显著负相关。根据穗粒重把小麦品种划分为三大类:重穗型,穗粒重≥1.8g;中穗型,穗粒重为1.4～1.8g;轻穗型,穗粒重≤1.4g。沿淮和淮北地区可通过着重提高穗粒数、同步提高单茎生物产量与收获指数的途径提高穗粒重。

Study on Wheat Grain Weight per Spike in the Area of Huaibei Region of Anhui Province

Twenty-four wheat cultivars and lines were chosen to study the relationships between grain weight per spike and grain yield,yield components and other 18 agronomic traits through correlation and path coefficient analysis.The results showed that there were very significant differences in grain weight per spike,harvest index,yield and yield components among the tested varieties(or lines).Grain weight per spike showed extremely significant and positive correlation to grain number per spike,harvest index,single-stem biomass and grass weight;grain weight per spike also showed significant and positive correlation to yield,area of backward 3rd leaf;but grain weight per spike showed extremely significant and negative correlation to spike number and grain test weight.According to grain weight per spike,wheat varieties were classified into three broad types:Heavy-spike type with grain weight per spike more than or equal to 1.8 g;Mid-spike type with grain weight per spike between 1.4 g and 1.8 g;Light-spike type with grain weight per spike less than or equal to 1.4 g.In the purpose of enhancing grain weight per spike in Huaihei region,it was recommendable to increase the number of grains per spike along the increase of single-stem biomass and harvest index.