水热条件对高海拔地区旱地春小麦籽粒增长的影响

为了探索气候条件变化对农作物生长发育的影响,2009-2010年采用分期播种研究了高海拔旱作区不同气候背景下春小麦籽粒增长对水、热条件变化的响应。结果表明,在高海拔地区春小麦籽粒增长呈"S"型变化,最大增长量出现在乳熟期前后。灌浆期间积温、降水量与累积生长量相关达极显著水平。在春小麦籽粒增长期间,积温每增加50℃.d,累积生长量增加2.3g.株-1.d-1,降水量每增加10mm,累积生长量增加1.4g.株-1.d-1。灌浆期间0～100cm土层有效水分贮存量与春小麦千粒重相关达显著水平,0～10cm土层有效水分贮存量每增加10mm,小麦千粒重增加3.6g。灌浆日数与最终千粒重相关达极显著水平,灌浆日数每增加1d,最终千粒重增加0.01g,灌浆时间延长千粒重增加。不同播期最终千粒重与实测产量相关系数为0.916,相关达极显著水平,千粒重每增加1g,产量增加81.73kg.hm-2。根据籽粒增长特点和不同气候条件提出了种植应对措施。

Influence of Water and Thermal Conditions on Grain Growth of Spring Wheat in Dry Land of the High Elevation Area

The influence of water and thermal conditions on the grain growth of spring wheat under different climate background in the high elevation dry area was studied by sowing at different dates during 2009 to 2010 to explore the strategies of wheat production under the background of climatic change.The results showed that the grain growth of spring wheat assumed an "S" curve change in the high elevation area.The biggest growth quantity appeared around the milk stage.Accumulated temperature,precipitation and accumulation of growth quantity presented extremely remarkable correlations between the 8 sowing dates at the grain-filling period in the two years.During the grain growth period of spring wheat,the accumulation of growth quantity increased by 2.3 g/plant·d for each increased accumulated temperature of 50℃·d,and by 1.4 g/plant·d for each increase of 10mm precipitation.The one thousand seeds weight of spring wheat had remarkable correlation with water stored in the 0~100 cm soil layer at the grain-filling stage.The one thousand seeds weight of wheat increased by 3.6 g while the water stored in 10 cm soil layer increased by 10 mm.Grain-filling days and the final weight of one thousand seeds reaches extremely remarkable correlation.The final weight of one thousand seeds increased by 0.01g while the grain-filling days increased by 1d.The correlation coefficient between the final weight of one thousand seeds and actual output of spring wheat was 0.916 in the different sowing dates,which reached extremely remarkable level.Output of spring wheat increased by 81.73 kg·hm-2 for 1 g increase of one thousand seeds weight.The wheat production strategy was proposed according to the grain growth characteristic under different climatic conditions.