Increases in leaf artemisinin concentration in Artemisia annua in response to the application of phosphorus and boron |
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Authors: | MJ DaviesCJ Atkinson C BurnsR Arroo J Woolley |
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Institution: | a East Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, United Kingdom b De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | Malaria resurgence particularly in the third world is considerable and exacerbated by the development of multi-drug resistances to chemicals such as chloroquinone. Drug therapies, as recommended by WHO include the use of antimalarial compounds derived from Artemisia annua L., i.e. artemisinin-based therapies. This work aims to determine how A. annua plant dry matter can be enhanced while maximising artemisinin concentration from understanding the plant's mineral requirements for P and B. Experiments with differing of P, from 5 to 120 mg L−1 and B from 0.1 to 0.9 mg L−1 were undertaken. Mineral nutrients were supplied in irrigation water to potted plants and after a period of growth, dry matter production and leaf artemisinin concentration were determined. Increases in P application enhanced plant growth and total dry matter production. An optimal application rate, with respect to dry matter, was apparent around 30 mg P L−1. Despite increases in P application having no influence on leaf artemisinin concentration, optimal yields of artemisinin, on a per plant basis, were again achieved at supply rate around 30-60 mg L−1. Increasing B application rate had little influence on dry matter production despite increases in B leaf tissue concentration promoting the total amount of B per plant. Leaf artemisinin concentration significantly increased with B application rate up to 0.6 mg B L−1. The higher artemisinin concentrations when multiplied by total leaf dry matter at the higher B application rates produced an increase in total artemisinin production per plant. There was however no further significant effect on leaf artemisinin concentration when B supply concentrations increased further (0.9 mg L−1). Artemisinin production varied between the two experiments to a greater extent than plant dry matter production and the reasons for this are discussed in relation to growing environments and their possible impacts on artemisinin biosynthesis. |
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Keywords: | Artemisia annua Artemisinin Boron Malaria Phosphorus Plant nutrition |
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