稻秆还田量对盆栽冬小麦生理特性的影响

为确定小麦优质高产条件下适宜的稻秆还田模式,通过盆栽试验,研究了稻秆还田量对小麦出苗、根系生长、根系活力、旗叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、SOD和CAT活性及产量的影响。结果表明,稻秆还田量不影响小麦出苗率,但影响出苗整齐度。适当的稻秆还田量能提高旗叶叶绿素含量、SOD和CAT活性及光合速率,延缓生育后期旗叶衰老,使其保持较高的光合能力,促进小麦根系生长,增加次生根数目、根冠比、根系总吸收面积、活性吸收面积及活性,实现增产,其中以9 000kg.hm-2稻秆还田量较为突出。

Effects of Returning Rice Straw into Field on Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat Cultured in Pot

Pot Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of returning rice straw into field on wheat seeding, root growth, root activity, the chlorophyll contents of flag leaves, photosynthesis rate, SOD and CAT activity and yield of wheat. The results were as follows:(1) The amounts of returning rice straw into field had little impact on the rate of wheat seeding, but obvious effect on the degrees of seeding uniformity; (2) The proper amounts of returning rice straw into field, especially the treatment of returning 9000 kg rice straw per hectare into the field, could advance the roots growth, increase the number of roots and enhance root/top ratio. Moreover, the total absorbing area, live absorbing area and TTC reducing capacity of roots were also improved accordingly; (3) The proper amounts of returning rice straw into field could obviously improve the chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis rate of flag leaves, and slow the descent rates of chlorophyll and photosynthesis in the later period of wheat growth; (4) The proper amounts of returning rice straw into field could increase the SOD and CAT activity in flag leaves, strengthen the antioxidant capacity, slow the leaves senescence and increase wheat yield.