植物生长调节剂预防夏大豆荚而不实研究

[目的]制定夏大豆荚而不实的预防措施。[方法]采取田间小区试验方法,进行夏大豆应用植物生长调节剂预防荚而不实试验。[结果]在黄淮平原夏大豆生态类型区,应用784-1、烯效唑、增产灵、亚硫酸氢钠、ABT生根粉5号及三十烷醇等6种植物生长调节剂,大豆单株空荚发生率相对减少7.7%~45.6%,大豆相应增产9.4%~21.1%;既有效减少荚而不实又显著增产的植物生长调节剂为三十烷醇7、84-1和ABT生根粉5号,其适宜的使用浓度分别为0.52、005、mg/kg;夏大豆应用植物生长调节剂预防荚而不实发生的生理生态效应为:根瘤数量增加14.7~27.0个/株,硝酸还原酶活性提高66.2%~89.3%,固氮酶活性增强29.0%~39.9%,根瘤固氮(N)量提高4.1~5.9μg/(株.h);大豆叶片叶绿素含量(鲜重)提高0.37~0.86μg/g,光合速率(CO2)提高3.7~7.8μg/(dm2.h);株高、茎粗、分枝、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重等性状明显改善。[结论]该研究为进一步有效解决夏大豆荚而不实问题提供了新的依据。

Experiment on the Application of Plant Growth Regulators in Preventing Pods without Peas in Summer Soybean

[Objective] The purpose was to make preventive measures against pods without peas in summer soybean.[Method] The experiment on the application of plant growth regulators in preventing pods without peas in summer soybean was conducted by field plot test method.[Result] In the ecotype region of summer soybean in Huanghuai plain,6 plant growth regulators such as 784-1,uniconazole,Zengchanling,sodium bisulfite,ABT 5 rooting powder and triacontanol were applied.The individual empty pod incidence of soybean relatively reduced 7.7%～45.6% and the soybean yield increased 9.4%～21.1% correspondingly.The plant growth regulators,which could not only reduced pods without peas effectively but also increased the yield significantly,were triacontanol,784-1 and ABT 5 rooting powder and their suitable application concentrations respectively were 0.5,200 and 5 mg/kg.The physiological and ecological effects of applying plant growth regulators in preventing the occurrence of pods without peas in summer soybean were as follows: nodule quantity increased 14.7～27.0/plant,nitrate reductase activity increased 66.2%～89.3% and nitrogenase activity enhanced 29.0%～39.9%,nitrogen-fixed amount of nodule enhanced 4.1～5.9 μg/(Plant·h),the chlorophyll content(fresh weight) and photosynthetic rate(CO2) of soybean leaf enhanced 0.37～0.86 μg/g and 3.7～7.8 μg/(dm2·h) and the properties such as plant height,stem thickness,branches,pods/plant,grains/plant and seed weight/plant were all obviously improved.[Conclusion] The research provided new basis for effectively solving the problem of pods without peas in summer soybean furthermore.