Functions and structure of roots and their contributions to salinity tolerance in plants |
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Authors: | Ichirou Karahara Tomoaki Horie |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; 2. Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan |
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Abstract: | Soil salinity is an increasing threat to the productivity of glycophytic crops worldwide. The root plays vital roles under various stress conditions, including salinity, as well as has diverse functions in non-stress soil environments. In this review, we focus on the essential functions of roots such as in ion homeostasis mediated by several different membrane transporters and signaling molecules under salinity stress and describe recent advances in the impacts of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) or genetic loci (and their causal genes, if applicable) on salinity tolerance. Furthermore, we introduce important literature for the development of barriers against the apoplastic flow of ions, including Na+, as well as for understanding the functions and components of the barrier structure under salinity stress. |
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Keywords: | salinity stress osmotic stress roots quantitative trait loci Na+ exclusion Casparian strip apoplastic transport barrier |
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