梨品种果肉石细胞含量比较研究

对保存于“国家果树种质兴城梨、苹果圃”的5个梨主要栽培种304个品种的果肉石细胞含量进行了测定分析，包括白梨（Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.）品种117个、砂梨〔P. pyrifolia （Burm.f.） Nakai〕89个、秋子梨（P. ussuriensis Maxim.）35个、新疆梨（P. sinkiangensis Yü）8个、西洋梨（P. communis L.）16个以及种间杂交品种39个。结果表明：梨栽培品种每百克果肉石细胞含量平均值为0.684 g， 范围为0.010 ~ 6.678 g，其中主要栽培种白梨、西洋梨、砂梨和秋子梨品种分别为0.462、0.524、0.552和1.887 g，变化范围分别是0.020 ~ 1.479、0.027 ~ 1.136、0.010 ~ 2.018和0.256 ~ 6.678 g。秋子梨品种果肉石细胞含量总体最高，白梨最低。通过3年鉴定，筛选出早酥、德胜香、赤穗、玛丽娅、泗阳青梨、康佛伦斯、巴梨、青魁等8个石细胞含量极低的品种。

Comparison Studies on the Stone Cell Content in Flesh of Pear Cultivars

Stone cell content of 304 pear accessions of 5 pear（Pyrus L.） species preserved in National Germplasm Repository of Apple and Pear were measured by gravimetric method，including 117 Chinese white pear cultivars（P. bretschneideri Rehd.），89 sand pear cultivars〔P. pyrifolia （Burm.f.） Nakai〕，35 Ussurian cultivars（P. ussuriensis Maxim.），8 Xinjiang pear cultivars（P. sinkiangensis Yü），16 common pear cultivars（ P. communis L.） and 39 Pyrus hybrid cultivars. It was showed that the mean value of stone cell content per 100 g fresh weight（FW）of flesh in all cultivars was 0.684 g，ranging from 0.010 g to 6.678 g. Mean value and varying range of stone cell content of P. bretschneideri，P. communis，P. pyrifolia，P. ussuriensis were 0.462 g /0.020–1.479 g，0.524 g /0.027–1.136 g，0.552 g /0.01–2.018 g，1.887 g /0.256–6.678 g，respectively. Eight cultivars with very low stone cell content were screened through 3-year evaluation，they are‘Zaosu’，‘Deshengxiang’，‘Akaho’，‘Saint Maria’，‘Siyangqingli’，‘Conference’，‘Bartlett’and‘Qingkui’.