早园竹林2种造瘿小蜂及其形成的虫瘿的研究

对浙江省德清县早园竹林进行造瘿昆虫危害和虫瘿类型调查,室内解剖和饲养观测虫瘿中的昆虫幼虫及成虫羽化情况。结果表明:(1)营林方式显著地影响造瘿昆虫2013年的造瘿率,砻糠覆盖样地造瘿率显著低于未覆盖砻糠的样地。(2)整株竹子上共获得349个虫瘿,其中新瘿291个,枯瘿58个;依据虫瘿的形态特征分成联瘿型、叶片型、叶鞘型、光瘿型和顶生型5种类型,其在整株竹子上所占比例分别为40.12%、30.95%、19.77%、6.01%和3.15%。(3)单虫瘿解剖最多可获得6头昆虫的幼虫,而联瘿型、叶片型、叶鞘型、光瘿型和顶生型虫瘿的平均幼虫数分别为1.83、2.88、2.77、1.00和2.27。(4)联瘿型、叶片型和叶鞘型虫瘿羽化出5种301头小蜂,包括竹泰广肩小蜂和刚竹泰广肩小蜂2种造瘿昆虫,栗瘿旋小蜂、点腹刻腹小蜂和纹黄枝瘿金小蜂3种寄生蜂;竹泰广肩小蜂、刚竹泰广肩小蜂和寄生蜂在3种不同类型虫瘿中的比率分别为59:18:1、70:31:2和83:31:6。研究结果将有助于加深对早园竹虫瘿的认识,并为下一步综合防治和生产实践提供理论依据。

A Study on Two Galling Chalcid Wasps and Their Galls in Phyllostachys praecox Forest

Phyllostachys praecox gall and the incidence of gall-maker and gall types on bamboo were investigated in Deqing County of Zhejiang Province. Different types of gall were dissected and the incidence of adult emergence was counted in the laboratory. The results showed that: (1) The effect of forest management techniques to the current generation (2013) gall induction rata in galling insects was significant, and the gall induction rate of sample plot with coverage of rice chaff was significantly lower than that of uncover sample plot. (2) A total 349 galls were collected from a bamboo, including 291current generation galls and 58 previous generation galls. The galls were separated into five categories in terms of gall phenotypes, i.e., tandem gall, leaf coated gall, leaf sheath gall, bare gall and apical growth gall. These five types of gall accounts for 40.12%, 30.95%, 19.77%, 6.01% and 3.15% in a bamboo, respectively. (3) One gall had maximum of 6 larvae, while the mean larvae amounts per gall of tandem gall, leaf coated gall, leaf sheath gall, bare gall and apical growth gall were only 1.83, 2.88, 2.77, 1.00 and 2.27, respectively. (4) 301 chalcid wasps belonging to 5 species emerged from tandem gall, leaf coated gall and leaf sheath gall, including two gall-maker chalcid wasps (Tetramesa bambusae and T. phyllostrachitis) and three parasitoid species (Eupelmus urozonus, Ormyrus punctiger and Homoporus japomicus). The ratio of T. bambusae, T. phyllostrachitis and parasitoid in three types gall were 59:18:1, 70:31:2 and 83:31:6. This study provides the basis for in-depth understanding of P. praecox gall, and emphasizes the theoretically based argument for pest control and production practice.