不同覆盖方式下春玉米田水量平衡及产量特征分析

秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖处理对旱作玉米都具有明显的蓄水效果，但对产量和水分利用效率的影响效应不同。春玉米田连续三年（2009—2011年）的定位覆盖试验表明，随覆盖时间的增加，秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖处理的保墒效果逐渐明显，且与不覆盖处理的差异幅度不断增大，影响土层深度也下渗至400 cm以下。地膜覆盖处理能够显著提高玉米产量和水分利用效率，农田耗水量较无覆盖处理增加31.75 mm，玉米产量和水分利用效率较不覆盖处理平均提高了20.8%和11.8%。但秸秆覆盖处理的效果并不理想。

Analysis of Water Balance and Yield Characteristics of Spring Maize under Different Mulching Patterns

Both straw mulching and plastic film mulching had significant effects on moisture conservation, but had different influences on yield and WUE. Straw mulching and plastic film mulching experiment was carried out in the maize field in the period of 2009-2011. The results showed that with the increase of the covering duration, not only the effects on moisture conservation of straw mulching and plastic film mulching were increasingly obvious, but also the differences of amplitude were increasing compared with no mulching treatment, and the soil infiltration depth was influenced below 400 cm. Plastic film mulching could improve the yield and WUE significantly, and the water consumption increased by 31.75 mm compared with no mulching treatment, while yield and WUE were raised by 20.8% and 11.8%, respectively. Straw mulching treatment had no significant effect on increase of the yield and WUE under the similar conditions.