东北农田黑土土壤酶活性与理化性质的关系研究

黑土是保证我国粮食安全的最重要的土壤资源之一，主要分布在我国的东北地区。为了调查我国黑土区土壤理化性状、土壤酶活性及两者间相互关系，我们从黑土区不同纬度农田采集了26个土壤样品，分析其土壤酶活性与微生物量碳（SMBC）及其它土壤理化性状的关系。结果发现，黑龙江北安黑土土壤全碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、SMBC、过氧化氢酶、脲酶及转化酶活性最大；简单相关分析发现，过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶及转化酶均与土壤全氮、全碳及SMBC呈极显著正相关；通径分析表明，全氮是影响该土壤区土壤酶活性的主导因子，pH值是通过直接作用或间接作用影响过氧化氢酶活性的另一主导理化因子，全氮是脲酶活性的主导因子，碱解氮、全碳、全氮是磷酸酶活性的主导因子，全氮和pH值是影响转化酶的两大主导理化因子。

Correlation Between Soil Enzyme Activity and Physicochemical Characteristics in Agricultural Black Soils in Northeast China

Black soil is one of most important resources in ensuring food security in China and spreads mainly in northeast China. To investigate the soil enzyme activity, physicochemical characteristic and their correlations, 26 soil samples were collected from black soil zone with different latitudes, the distribution trait of soil enzyme activity, correlation with soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and other physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that the levels of soil total carbon, soil total nitrogen, total phosphate, available nitrogen, MBC, catalase, urease and invertase activity in site of Bei-An were maximum. Simple correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between four soil enzyme activities and soil total nitrogen, total carbon and MBC. The results of path analysis showed that soil total nitrogen was the dominant factor affecting soil enzyme activity of the tested soils, pH value was the other dominant factor affecting catalase activity in the direct or indirect ways, soil total nitrogen was dominant factor affecting urease activity, available nitrogen, soil carbon and total nitrogen were the dominant factors affecting soil phosphatase activity, soil total nitrogen and pH value were the key dominant factors affecting invertase activity in the tested zone.