南方红壤区不同植被措施坡面的水土流失特征

植被是南方红壤区水土流失治理的主要措施，为了研究不同的植被措施对坡面产流产沙的影响，以及对坡面侵蚀的抑制效果，在福建省长汀县选择乔灌草、灌草、草本、农作物、乔灌、封山育林、经济林等各植被措施下的标准径流小区，通过观测各种植被措施坡面的产流产沙情况，分析比较各小区的水土流失特征。结果表明植被能较好地调控坡面地表径流和土壤侵蚀。不同植被措施下坡面产流产沙分异规律明显，相对裸地，盖度高的乔灌草、灌草、草本等措施的水土流失量最小，水土保持效果最为明显。在不同的降雨量条件下，不同植被措施的坡面水土流失情况也表现出显著的差异。因此，在未来南方红壤植被恢复与生态环境建设过程中，通过各种植被治理措施的逐步实施，对改善当地的生态环境和水土流失的防治具有重要的意义。

Characteristics of Soil and Water Erosion on the Slopes with Different Vegetation Patterns in Red Soil Region of Southern China

Vegetation is the main measure to control soil and water losses in red soil region of southern China. In order to study effect of different vegetation measures on he runoff and sediment yield, and the effect of inhibition erosion on the slope, in Changting County of Fujian Province, the standard runoff plots were built on natural slopes with different vegetable patterns for observing the runoff and sediment generation under these slope vegetable patterns (arbor+shrub+herb, shrub+herb, herb, arbor+shrub, closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, economic forest). The results showed that vegetation patterns can control runoff and soil erosion effectively on the slope surface. Water loss and soil erosion in the plots of arbor+shrub+herb, shrub+herb and herb were the slightest, and effect of soil and water conservation is the most obvious. In different rainfall conditions, water loss and soil erosion on the slopes wiht different vegetation patterns also showed significant difference. Therefore, a variety of vegetation control measures will be implemented gradually in the process of vegetation restoration and ecological environment construction in the red soil region of southern China, which is of great significance to improve the local ecological environment and control the soil erosion and water losses.