枇杷属野生植物生长结果习性观察

对华南农业大学园艺学院枇杷属（Eriobotrya Lind.l）植物种质资源圃内种植保存的野生枇杷生长结果习性进行观察,结果表明：依照章恢志简明分类法属于＂春季开花的枇杷属植物＂春、夏、秋梢多为2次抽完,冬梢1次抽完;＂秋冬季开花的枇杷属植物＂春、冬梢多只抽发1次,夏、秋梢多抽发2次。偶有3次抽发现象,如野生的普通枇杷的夏梢,南亚枇杷窄叶变型的春梢。同种的不同植株抽梢有不同步现象,不同年份抽梢情况也有差异,受气候环境条件影响大。同种的不同植株开花习性差异大,如台湾枇杷由潮安地区引种与由海南地区引种,花期明显不同。由此认为,《中国果树志.龙眼枇杷卷》按花期对野生枇杷属植物进行分类的方法值得商榷。野生枇杷坐果率低,多数种果实的鲜食价值不大。

Observation on Growth, Blooming and Fruiting Characteristics of Eriobotrya Plants

The shoot growth,blooming,and fruiting characteristics of the wild loquats in the orchard of Horticultural College in SCAU were observed.As the ＂ Eriobotrya plants blooming in Spring＂,the shoots sprouted twice in spring,summer,and autumn,while only once in winter.Most shoots of ＂ Eriobotrya plants blooming in Autumn＂ sprouted once in spring and winter,and twice in summer and autumn.It also had an accidental phenomenon,such as a three-time shoot growth that occurred in wild common Loquat（E.japonica Lindl）and Narrowleaf Bebgal Loquat（E.bengalensis forma angustifolia Vidal）,which might be caused by the climate or the growth environments.The shoot growth was out of phase in different plants within the same species,and the blossom habits were also different within the same species.For example,the blossom habit of Taiwan loquat which was introduced from Chao＇an area is quite different from Hainan.It also had diversity in different years.The record in the Flora is inconsistent with our observed results,which suggests that the classification of Eriobotrya plants by the blooming periods deserves a further discussion.Fruit-set ratio of wild loquats is low,and so is fresh value of most wild loquats.