回声探测浮标在金枪鱼围网渔业中的应用

【背景】回声探测浮标能够为金枪鱼围网渔业远程持续地提供漂流人工集鱼装置（DFADs）的精确地理定位以及金枪鱼集群生物量的估计,有效减少围网船队搜索鱼群所产生的“碳足迹”和船队运营成本,从而提高船队的成功捕获率。除了在商业中的应用外,回声探测浮标有潜力作为观察远洋生物多样性的科学平台,为科学研究提供描述远洋鱼类活动模式的数据来源。【内容】本文介绍了DFADs的定义、类型和结构、生态影响及相关管理措施,以及回声探测浮标的发展沿革、种类和数据结构,并重点从金枪鱼随附鱼群生物量评估、鱼群随附行为和DFADs生态影响评估方面回顾了回声探测浮标在金枪鱼围网渔业中的应用。【总结展望】本文展望了回声探测浮标今后在技术上支持降低非目标物种和目标物种幼鱼死亡率的发展趋势,并从渔业资源可持续管理和海洋生物多样性保护方面讨论了利用浮标观测数据结合渔业数据进行资源评估,以及探究气候变化和人类活动对海洋生态生态系统影响的巨大潜力。

Research progress in application of echo-sounder buoys in tuna purse seine fishery

Echo-sounder buoys can provide tuna purse seine fishery remote continuously drifting fish aggregating devices (DFADs) the precise geographical positioning and tuna cluster biomass estimates, and effectively reduce the tuna purse seine fleet search fish produced by the "carbon footprint" and fleet operating costs, and greatly improve the success of fleet capture rate. In addition to commercial applications, echo-sounder buoys have the potential to serve as a scientific platform for observing pelagic biodiversity, providing scientific research with an unprecedented source of data describing patterns of pelagic fish activity.This paper firstly introduces the definition, type and structure, ecological impact and related management measures of DFADs, as well as the evolution, types and data structure of echo-sounder buoys. The application of echo-sounder buoys in tuna purse seine fishery was reviewed from the following three aspects: biomass assessment, fish association behavior and ecological impact posed by DFADs. To the end, this paper prospects the echo-sounder buoys on technical support in the future to reduce the target species and species, the development trend of the larval mortality from fishery resources and the sustainable management and marine biodiversity protection discussed combining fishery resources assessment data buoy observation data and to explore the climate change and human activities on the marine ecological influence the huge potential of the ecological system.