新型疫苗研究概况

新型疫苗研究对于畜禽传染病的防控具有重要意义.传统疫苗是基于抗原刺激机体产生特异性抗体的原理,但大多数激发机体产生体液免疫,很难启动细胞免疫.鉴于传统疫苗所存在的缺点,开发新型疫苗成为必然趋势.随着免疫学和分子生物学技术的快速发展,近年来出现了各种不同的新型疫苗,这类疫苗的出现弥补了传统疫苗的缺点,也填补了疫苗种类的空白.文章中重点论述了重组活载体疫苗、树突状细胞疫苗、T细胞疫苗、食物疫苗、DNA疫苗、RNA复制子疫苗、多肽疫苗和抗独特型抗体疫苗等8种新型疫苗的作用机制和研究概况,并对各新型疫苗的优缺点、存在的问题及应用前景等进行了论述.

Progress on Novel Vaccines

The study of novel vaccines is very important for the prevention and control of the infectious diseases. The conventional vaccines is based on the principle of the antigen that stimulates producing antibody,but they mostly stimulate humour immunity. Because the conventional vaccines have many shortcomings,the study of novel vaccines is necessary. With the progress of immunology and molecular biology, many different vaccines are appearing. In this paper, the mechanism of action and researching progress of the eight novel vaccines,recombined living carrier vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, T cell vaccines, food stuff vaccines, DNA vaccines, RNA replicon vaccines, peptide vaccines and antiidiotype vaccines were summarized. The problems existed at present, prospects of application, superiorities and defects of the novel vaccines were discussed.