农业面源污染发生条件与污染机理

农业面源污染发生的条件主要有动力因素、水文条件、地形特点。同时,农业生产的化学物质大量投入,农村生活污水和垃圾的任意排放,畜禽养殖场没经过处理的粪便的排放和农用是重要的原因。农业面源污染物质主要有N、P、硝酸盐、杀虫剂、致病菌、沉积物,不同的污染物质发生的机理不同。农业面源污染的控制必须从污染物的性质和特征出发,结合自然地形、气候、土壤、植被等特点探索适合不同地区的农业面源污染控制对策和措施。农业面源污染发生是外界和内部因素综合作用的结果,污染物的控制是多方面和多层次的。近年来,农业面源污染机理研究有较大的进步,但随着环境的变化,许多研究还需进一步深入。

Mechanism and Condition of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution

Agricultural non-point source pollution is driven by dynamical factors, water character and landform characteristics. Meanwhile, the chemical products used during agricultural practies and living sewage and garbage are also important sources. Agricultural non-point source pollutants include nitrogen, phosphorus, pesticide and bad germ. The control of agricultural non-point source pollution must be done according to the characteristic of pollutants, landform, climate, soil, and plant.