马铃薯茎尖培养脱毒与种质资源试管保存的研究

采用MA+BAP0. 1～0. 5毫克/升+GA0. 5毫克/升+NAA0. 01毫克/升培养基培养马铃著茎尖效果很好,生产出无PVX,PVY 等5种病毒10个品种的试管苗67株和脱毒种薯。此外还有500个品种(系)获得了试管苗。试管保存种质资源选用MS 培养基效果好。试管内装入15ml 培养基较适宜,培养基中加入脱落酸和甘露醇能抑制试管苗生长,对延长保存期有一定效果,其中以4%的甘露醇效果最佳,存放550天试管苟存活率仍在36%,比对照高1倍多。采用塑料薄膜封闭试管口,代替棉塞,也能延长保存期。总之:经上述几方面改进,在常温条件下,可使试管苗继代保存期由过去的1年转管3～4次,延长到1～1. 5年转管1次。

ELIMINATION OF POTATO VIRUSES AND PRESERVATION OF THE POTATO GERMPLASM BY THE METHOD OF TISSUE CULTURE

It was a good method to culture potato meristems on the medium of MA+BAP0. 1-0. 5mg/l+GA 0. 5mg/l+NAA 0. 01mg/l.A total of 67 plantlets in vitro from10 cultivars and their virus-free seed tubers (free from PVX,PVY,PVA,PVF andPLRV) were produced.In addition,the plantlets in vitro from 500 cultivars or cloneswere also obtained during past years,but they were not identified whether they boreviruses or not.It was effective to preserve the potato germplasm on MS medium.15ml of themedium per tube was suitable for long term preservation.Furthermore,if the AbscisicAcid(ABA)and Mannitol were added to the medium,the growth of the plantlets couldbe inhibited,and the duration of preservation could be prolonged.Of the two che-micals,the effect of Mannitol at 4% of concentration was better,the survival ratecould be up to 30% after 550 days of preservation.In addition,if the plastic filmwas used as closure instead of the cotton plug,the duration of preservation could alsobe prolonged.